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Definition
| ideas that archaeologists have developed about the past and about the ways we come to know the past |
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| monumental inscribed stone |
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| objects such as ground stone axes that people in medieval Europe believed were formed in spots where lightening struck the ground. |
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| a system developed by Danish Thomsen that catalogues artifacts into relics of three periods - the stone, bronze, and iron ages. based on the material of manufacture. |
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| the period in which there are polished stone tools. also called the new stone age. |
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| the period in which humans lived with non-extinct animals. also called the old stone age |
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| North American Archaeology |
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| more of a focus on cultural history |
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| division of all known ancient pueblo peoples culture into chronological phases |
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| two major historical revolutions |
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| neolithic revolution and urban revolution (movement to villages practising agriculture and then the development of complex cities) |
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| movement of hunter gatherers to villages practicing agriculture |
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| development of complex cities from villages practising agriculture |
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| refers to the activities involved in procuring and processing food |
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| new archaeology or processual archaeology |
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| an approach to archaeology based firmly on the scientific method and supported by concrete evidence. It is aimed at the development of theories and testing of hypotheses. Tends to focus on ecology and systems theory. |
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| disliked conclusions drawn from induction (based on observation) thinking it naive. For archaeology to be a science, need deduction (general -> specific) cultural aspects are insignificant. |
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| taking one's observations and making them into a theory |
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| taking a general theory and applying it to a specific case |
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| research investigating process that can be observed in the present and that can serve as a point of reference to test hypotheses about the past. (hyenas+bones) |
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| cultural resource management (CRM) |
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Definition
| public archaeology carried out with the goal of mitigating the effects of development on archaeological resources. will construction damage a site? |
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| the view that society is an interconnected network of interacting elements that form a whole. can allow you to see change occurring inside a society and integrate ecological change with social change. |
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| post-processural archaeology |
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| a movement led by british Hodder which argues that archaeologists should emulate historians in interpreting the past |
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Definition
| an approach to arch/anth analysis that DOES NOT adopt the perspective of the members of the culture being studied |
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Definition
| an approach to arch/anth that DOES attempt to adopt the perspective of the members of the culture being studied |
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Definition
| interpretation that stresses the interaction between the presuppositions we bring to a problem and the independent empirical reality of our observations and experiences. |
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| approach that looks at how arch represent gender and brings attention to gender inequalities in the practice of arch. basic unit or archaeology is the individual, not society |
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| emphasized the interaction between the agency of individuals and social structure. balance between decision made by people and how much those decisions were influenced by their environment |
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| developed by processural archaeologists that is a range of approached that stress the importance of this as a unifying force in archaeology |
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