Term
| What are the functions of the respiratory system? |
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Definition
| It works closely with the circulating system exchanging gases between air and blood. It takes up oxygen from the air and supplies to the blood(cellular respiration). also, removal and disposal of carbon dioxide |
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Term
| What is the homeostatic role of the respiratory system? |
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Definition
| regulates blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels |
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Term
| what is the pathway of inhaled air? |
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Definition
| Nasal Cavity, pharynx(throat), larynx(voice box), trachea(windpipe), bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli(site of gas exchange), exhale air is reveral in order |
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Term
| what is the nasal cavitys role during inhalation? |
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Definition
| as air enters, it filters by hairs, warm , humidified and sampled for odors as it flows through maze of spaces |
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Term
| what is the pharynx(throats) role during inhalation? |
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Definition
| intersection where the food and air cross. most of the time, the pathway for air is open, except when we swallow |
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Term
| what is the role of the larynx(voice box)? |
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Definition
| reinforced with cartilage , contains vocal cords, which allow us to make sounds by voluntarily tensing muscles |
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Term
| what is the role of the trachea(windpipe)? |
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Definition
| rings of cartilage maintain shape of trachea to prevent it from closing. Forks into two bronchis. |
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Term
| what is role of Bronchi (sing. Bronchus): |
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Definition
| Each bronchus leads into a lung and branches into smaller and smaller bronchioles, resembling an inverted tree. |
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Term
| what is role of Bronchioles? |
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Definition
| Fine tubes that allow passage of air. Muscle layer constricts bronchioles. Epithelium of bronchioles is covered with cilia and mucus. |
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Term
| what traps dust and particles? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the role of Alveoli (Sing. Alveolu? |
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Definition
Grapelike clusters of tiny air sacs with very thin elastic walls through which gas exchange occurs.
Oxygen in air enters blood in capillaries.
Carbon dioxide in blood enters air in alveoli.
There are several million alveoli in the human lungs, with a total surface roughly equivalent to a tennis court.
The walls of the alveoli are very delicate. |
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Term
| what are alveolar macrophages |
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Definition
| are phagocytic cells that swallow inhaled particles (dust, bacteria, etc.) and digest them |
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Term
| How is air flow increased or decreased? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the greatest gas exchange take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens when somebody has asthma? |
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Definition
| there mucous lining in the air passageway is much thicker, therefore causing air to flow very poorly. |
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Term
| oxygen and co2 are exchanged in the lung and cells through |
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Definition
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Term
| based on the law of diffusion, there is higher amount of air in the lungs and lesser in the? |
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Definition
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Term
| in the capillaries there are high amount of ___ and lungs have less____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What is obstructive polmonary disease? |
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Definition
| When airway is obstructed, makes it hard for air to move in and out. bronchtitis, asthma, cancer, in the bronchioles |
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Term
| what is the role of surfactant cells? |
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Definition
| it helps to expand the lungs, reduces surface tension |
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Term
| lungs with low surfactant cells have? |
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Definition
| low compliance(not being able to expand) |
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Term
| what is restrictive disease? |
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Definition
| problems with lung expansion 1. fibrosis(fiber deteriating) 2. vertebrae problems 3. |
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Term
| what measures lung volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| during normal condition, gas exchange is _______ and during exercise gas exchange is ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| amount of air inhaled or exhalded with each breathe under resting conditions |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the maximum amount of air contained in lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort |
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Definition
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Term
| amount of air that can be forefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation |
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Definition
| expiratory reserve volume(ERV) |
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Term
| amount of air remaining in the llungs after a forced exhalation |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the sequence of events during inspiration? |
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Definition
| 1. inspiratory muscles contract(diapghram descends) rib cage rises 2. thoracic cavity volume increases 3. lungs are stretched(intrapolmonary volume increases) 4. intrapolmonary pressures drops to -1 5. air flows into lungs until intrapolmonary pressure is 0 mm HG |
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Term
| what are the sequence of events during expiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the two chemoreceptors called in the respiratory system? |
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Definition
1. periphal - outside of the central nervous system , corotid arteries and aorta arteries. detect chemical changes. detect hydrogen ions
2. central chemo receptors - in the central nervous system , medulla oblangata..detects hydrogen ions |
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