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Definition
inhabit the same locale, but remain distinct
co-occur differ phenotypically in their behavior and utilize different parts of the habitat |
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| geographically distant populations of the same species that are distinct from one another |
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| the process of how one species becomes another |
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| a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding |
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Definition
| the differentiation of geographically isolated populations into distinct species |
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Definition
| all of the alleles present in a species |
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Term
| mechanism that prevents the formation of zygotes |
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Definition
| prezygotic isolating mechanism |
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Term
| mechanism called that prevents the proper functioning of zygotes after they form |
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Definition
| postzygotic isolating mechanisms |
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| natural selection directly favors traits that promote |
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Definition
| survival and reproduction |
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| speciation is a two part process... |
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Definition
first- intially identical populations must diverge
second- reproductive isolation must evolve to maintain these differences |
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| natural selection does not favor traits that lead to reproductive isolation, but.... |
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Definition
| traits that favor survival and reproduction in an environment can incidentally result in reproductive isolation. |
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| what are the six types of prezygotic isolation mechanisms |
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Definition
-geographical
-ecological
-behavioral
-temporal
-mechanical
-prevention of gamete fusion |
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Term
| name a postzygotic isolating mechanism |
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Definition
| hybrid inviability or infertility |
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Term
| process where one ancestral species becomes divided into two desendant species |
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Definition
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| the result of when the continual improvement of prezygotic isolating mechanisms until the two populations were completely reproductively isolated. |
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Definition
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| describe how random events and natural seleciton can lead to speciation |
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Definition
-founder effects in isolated populations
-if adaptation changes occur in a population that lead to reproductive isolation |
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Term
| which is more likely, sympatric or allopatric speciation |
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Definition
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| an individual that possesses more than two sets of chromosomes |
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Definition
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| the most common type of polyploidy speciation |
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Definition
| allopolyploidy- which may happen when two species hybridize |
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| instantaneous speciation through polyploidy |
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Definition
| autopolyploidy can instantaneously create a new species because of errors in meiosis, resulting in tetraploidy |
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Term
| sympatric speciation by disruptive selection |
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Definition
distruptive selection can produce a population with individuals exhibiting two different phenotypes.
-but before the two phenotypes could become two species, they would have to evovle reproducing isolating mechanisms... unlikely due to genetic exchange... rare |
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Term
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Definition
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| discribe a situation where adaptive radiation might occur |
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Definition
| where there are few other species but abundant resources |
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| ... allow new environments to be used by a species that we previously inaccessible. ex. development of wings on a bird |
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Definition
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| is when populations on different islands evolve to become different species. in this process, natural selection in each species favors those individuals that use resources not used by the other species |
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Definition
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the accumulation of small changes
-slow evolutionary change (thousands or millions of years)
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Term
long periods of stasis followed by relatively rapid change
- evidence exists that species experience long periods of stasis punctuated by bursts of evolutionary change occuring over geologically short time periods |
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Definition
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Term
| discribe mass extinctions |
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Definition
- diversity rebounds, but the recovery is not rapid. and the groups making up that diversity are not the same as those taht existed before the extinction event
-during mass extinction, not all species are equally effected, allowing adaptive radiation to occur among the remaining species |
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