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| Secret voting and the use of official ballots rather than party tickets. |
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| Federal agency established in 1902 providing public funds for irrigation projects in arid regions; played a major role in the development of the West by constructing dams, reservoirs, and irrigation systems, especially in the 1930s. |
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| The efficient management and use of natural resources, such as forests, grasslands, and rivers, as opposed to preservation or uncontrolled exploitation. |
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| Constitutional revision, ratified in 1919 and repealed in 1933, that prohibited the manufacture or sale of alcohol in the U.S. |
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| The 1913 law that revised banking and currency by extending limited government regulation through the creation of the Federal Reserve System. |
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| Federal Trade Commission (FTC) |
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| Government agency established in 1914 to provide regulatory oversight of business activity. |
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| Religious conservatives who believe in the literal accuracy and divine inspiration of the Bible; the name derives from an influential series of pamphlets, The Fundamentals. |
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| Procedure by which citizens can introduce a subject for legislation, usually through a petition signed by a specific number of voters. |
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| Journalism exposing economic, social, and political evils, so named by Theodore Roosevelt for its "raking the muck" of American society. |
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| Woodrow Wilson's 1912 program for limited government intervention in the economy to restore competition by curtailing the restrictive influences of trusts and protective tariffs, thereby providing opportunities for individual achievement. |
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| Theodore Roosevelt's 1912 Program calling for a strong national government to foster, regulate, and protect business, industry, workers, and consumers. |
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| African American group organized in 1905 to promote racial integration, civil, and political rights, and equal access to economic opportunity. |
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| Constitutional revision that in 1920 established women citizen's right to vote. |
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| Protecting forests, land, and other features of the natural environment from development or destruction, often for aesthetic appreciation. |
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| A ban on the production, sale, and consumption of liquor, achieved temporarily through state laws and the 18th Amendment. |
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| The process of removing an official from office by popular vote, usually after using petitions to call for such a vote. |
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| Submission of a law, proposed or already in effect, to a direct popular vote for approval or rejection. |
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| Constitutional change that in 1913 established the direct popular election of U.S. senators. |
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| Constitutional revision that in 1913 authorized a federal income tax. |
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| Created by reform-minded Protestant ministers, which sought to introduce religious ethics into industrial relations and appealed to churches their social responsibilities. |
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| Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act |
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| The 1913 reform law that lowered tariff rates and levied the 1st regular federal income tax. |
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| Popular name for the members of the Industrial workers of the World (IWW). |
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| A time characterized by challenges to the traditional way of American life. |
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