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| Simplest type of matter with unique physical and chemical properties, consists of only one kind of atom |
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| Matter whose composition is fixed |
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| An independent structural unit consisting of twon or more atoms chemically bound together |
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| Type of matter composed of two or more different elements that are chemically bound together |
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| A group or two or more substances (elements or compounds) that are physically intermingled |
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| Total mass of substances does not change during a chemical reactiong. Number of substances may change and by definition, their properties must but the total amount of matter remains constant |
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| Law of Definition/Constant Composition |
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| No matter what its source, a particular compoundis composed of the same elements in the same parts/fractions by mass |
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| Fraction by mass (Mass Fraction) |
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| Part of the compound's mass contributed by the element |
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| Percent by Mass (Mass Percent) |
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| The fraction by mass expressed in percentage |
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| Law of Multiple Proportions |
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| If elements A and B react to form two compounds, the different masses of B that combine with a fixed mass of A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers |
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| Tiny indivisible particles of an element that cannot be created or destroyed |
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| The ray of light emitted by the cathode (negative electrode) in a gas discharge tube, travels in straight lines, unless deflected by magnetic or electric fields |
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| Tiny region in the center of an atom that contains all the positive charge and essentially all the mass of the atom |
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| Magnitude of charge possessed by a proton, negative charge |
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| Total number of protoms and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
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| 1/12 mass of a carbon-12 atom |
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| one Carbon 12 atom has a mass of 12 daltons |
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| Method for measuring the relative masses and abundances of atomic-scale particles very precisely |
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| Mass of the isotope relative to the mass of the standard carbon-12 isotope |
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| Average of the masses of its naturally occurring isotopes weighted according to their abundances |
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| Periodic Table of the Elements |
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| Arranged by atomic number |
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| Shiny solids at room temperature that conduct heat and electricity well and can be tooled into sheets and wires |
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| Usually gases or dull, brittle solids at room temperature do not conduct heat or electricity well |
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| Elements that have properties between metals and nonmetals |
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| Formed by the transferring electrons fro the atoms of one element to another to form |
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| Formed by sharing electrons between atoms of different elements |
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| Forces that hold the atoms of elemts together in a compound |
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| Simplest of ionic compound |
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| Loses a certain number of electrons and becomes positively charged |
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| Gain of electron becomes negatively charged |
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