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Definition
| consists of two parts (polar + nonpolar region) |
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Definition
| soluble in lipid, nonpolar |
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Definition
| not soluble in lipid, polar |
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Definition
| Contains significant number of polar bonds (unequal sharing of electrons) |
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Term
| Four classes of organic molecules |
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Definition
| Carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids |
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Definition
hydrophilic, sweet
monosaccharide- glucose
disaccharide- sucrose
polysaccharid- glycogen |
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Definition
| macromolecules of amino acids |
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Definition
| hydrophobic, fatty acid triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids (cholesterol) |
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Definition
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Definition
| structure, enzymes (catalysts), transport of lipophilic solutes (carriers), receptors for chemical messengers, antigens (immune system) |
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Term
| ph of intracellular fluid |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| region of cell interior to outside of nucleus |
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Definition
| intracellular fluid that surrounds cell organelles and nucleus |
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Definition
| composed of phospholipid bilayer. Everycell is surrounded by a plasma membrane (often with proteins embedded) |
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Term
| Function of cell membrane |
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Definition
| regulate passage of substances in & out, detect chemical messengers at surface, line adjacent cells and anchor cells to extracellular matrix |
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Definition
| transmits and expresses genetic info |
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Term
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Definition
| sites of protein synthesis |
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Term
| Endoplasmic reticulum (rough) |
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Definition
| attached ribosomes, involved in packaging of proteins to be secreted by cell/distributed to other organelles |
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Term
| Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth) |
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Definition
| site of lipid synthesis and calcium accumulation/release |
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Term
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Definition
| modifies and sorts proteins synthesized on rough ER and packages them into secretory vesicles |
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Definition
| membrane bound vesicles that fuse with vesicles derived from plasma membrane and bud off vesicles that travel to other cell organelles |
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Definition
| consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide in chemical processes that transfer energy to the top |
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Definition
| digest particular matter that enters the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| use oxygen to remove H from organic molecules to form hydrogen peroxide |
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Term
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Definition
| desmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions |
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Term
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Definition
| used where strength is needed, connected by rivets using cadherin |
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Definition
| block gap between cells so material can only pass through cells (important in capillaries in blood brain barrier) |
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Term
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Definition
| allows diffusion of adjacent cells via the pipe like connection between cells (important in heart muscle for simultaneous contraction) |
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Term
| Membrane component most important in special functions of membrane? |
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Definition
| Proteins: determine specialization such as glycoproteins for blood type and specialization of various membranes like neurons from salivary glands |
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Term
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Definition
| strength with which ligands bind to its binding site |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of binding site to react with only one or limited number of types of molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| occupation of all available binding sites by their ligand |
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Term
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Definition
| cellular synthesis of organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| cellular breakdown of organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical reactions that occur in a living organism |
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Term
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Definition
| An increase in reactant concentration causes a chemical reaction to proceed direction of product formation (vice versa occurs) |
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Term
| Enzymes affect the rate of chemical reaction? |
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Definition
| enzymes speed up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy |
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Term
| Enzymes effect equilibrium? |
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Definition
| Enzymes do not change the equilibrium but just increase the speed at which equilibrium is reached |
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Term
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Definition
| for energy to carry out functions/actions |
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