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Definition
| One of the three fundamental effects examined in developmental research, along with cohort and time-of-measure effects, which reflects the influence of time-dependent processes on development. |
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| The untrue assumption that chronological age is the main determinant of human characteristic and that one age is better than another. |
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| One of four basic forces of development that includes all genetic and health related factors. |
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| Biopsychosocial Framework |
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Definition
| Way of organizing the biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces on human development. |
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| An intensive investigation of individual people. |
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| A group of people born at the same point or specific time span in historical time. |
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| One of three basic influences examined in developmental research, along with age and time-of-measurement effects, which reflects differences caused by experiences and circumstances unique to the historical time in which one lives. |
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Definition
| Any situation in which one cannot determine which of two or more effects is responsible for the behaviors being observed. |
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| Continuity-Discontinuity Controversy |
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Definition
| The debate over whether a particular developmental phenomenon represents smooth progression over time (CONTINUITY) or a series of abrupt shifts (DISCONTINUITY) |
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Definition
| An investigation in which the strength of association between variable is examined. |
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Definition
| A developmental research design in which people at different ages and cohorts are observed at one time of measurement to obtain information about age differences. |
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| Behaviors or outcomes measured in an experiment. |
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Definition
| A study in which participants are randomly assigned to experiment and control groups and in which an independent variable is manipulated to observe its effects on a dependent variable so that cause-and-effect relations can be established. |
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Definition
| the study of aging from maturity through old age. |
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| The variable manipulated in an experiment. |
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Definition
| One of the four basic forces of development that reflects differences in how the same event or combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces affects people at different points in their lives. |
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Definition
A view of the human life span that divides it into two phases:
1. childhood/adolescence
2. young/middle/late adulthood |
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| A developmental research design that measures one cohort over two or more times of measurement to examine age changes. |
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| A technique that allows researchers to synthesize that results or many studies to estimate relations between variables. |
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Definition
| A special type to longitudinal design in which participant are tested repeatedly over a span of days or weeks, typically with the aim of observing change directly as it occurs. |
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| Nature-Nurture Controversy |
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Definition
| A debate over the relative influence of genetics and the environment on development. |
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Definition
| Random events that are important to an individual but do not happen to most people. |
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| Normative Age-Graded Influences |
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Definition
| Experiences caused by biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces that are closely related to a person's age. |
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| Normative History-Graded Influences |
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Definition
| Events experienced by most people in a culture at the same time. |
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Definition
| the belief that capacity is not fixed, but can be learned or improved with practice. |
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Definition
| the normal, disease free development during adulthood. |
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Definition
| One of the four basic forces of development that includes all internal perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and personality factors. |
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Definition
| the ability of a measure to produce the same value when used repeatedly to measure the identical phenomenon over time. |
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Definition
| Developmental changes that are related to disease, lifestyle, and other environmental changes that are not inevitable. |
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Definition
| People's answers to questions about a topic of interest. |
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Definition
| Types of development research designs involving combinations of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. |
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Definition
| One of the four basic forces of development that includes interpersonal, societal, cultural, and ethnic factors. |
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Term
| Stability-Change Controversy |
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Definition
| A debate over the degree to which people remain the same over time as opposed to being different. |
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Definition
| A type of measurement involving watching people remain the same over time as opposed to being different. |
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Definition
| Rapid Losses occurring shortly before death. |
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Definition
| One of the three fundamental effects examined in developmental research, along with age and cohort effects, which result from the time at which that data is collected. |
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| Universal vs. Context Specific Development Controversy |
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Definition
| A debate over whether there is a single pathway of development, or several. |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. |
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