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| Pope who challenged Emperor Henry IV and proved that the pope was more powerful |
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| Emperor of the Holy ROman empire who challenged the aug=thority of Pope Gregory VII |
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| A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia |
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| the area around Palestine where Jesus had lived, preached and died. |
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| Called on Christians to go on the first Crusade to retake the Holy Land |
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| English king who fought in the third crusade |
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| Leader of the Muslim forces in the third crusade |
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| a group of people who dedicate their lives to religion and follow common rules |
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| people who belonged to religious orders but lived and worked among general people. |
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| founder of the Franciscan religious order |
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| Dominican philosopher and teacher at the University of Paris |
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| a law that governed how the world operated |
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| Document listing rights that the king could not ignore |
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| A council that developed to be the law making body that governs England today |
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| a long conflict between France and England |
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| peasant girl who rallied the French troops in order to defeat the English |
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| a deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351 |
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| Religious ideas that oppose accepted church teachings |
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| efforts to retake Spain from Muslim Moors |
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| King who finally brought an end to the Reconquista |
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| organization of priests that looked for and punished anyone in Spain suspected of secretly practicing their old religion |
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