Term
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Definition
| the movement of an organization away from its present state and toward some desired future state to increase its effectiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency of an organization to maintain the status quo |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that organizational change occurs when forces for change strengthen, resistance to change lessens, or both occur simultaneously |
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Term
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Definition
| change that is gradual, incremental, and narrowly focused |
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Term
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Definition
| change that is rapid, dramatic, and broadly focused |
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Term
| Sociotechnical Systems Theory |
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Definition
| ideas about how organizations should choose specific kinds of control systems that match the technical nature of the work process |
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Term
| Total Quality Management (TQM) |
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Definition
| an ongoing and constant effort by all of an organization's functions to find new ways to improve the quality of the organization's goods and services |
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Term
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Definition
| groups of employees who meet regularly to discuss the way work is performed in order to find new ways to increase performance |
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Term
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Definition
| any activity that is vital to the quick delivery of goods and services to customers or that promotes high quality of low costs |
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Term
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Definition
| an expert manager appointed to head a new product team and lead a new product from its beginning to commercialization |
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Term
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Definition
| a strategy for generating and acquiring knowledge that managers can use to define an organization's desired future state and to plan a change program that allows the organization to reach that state |
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Term
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Definition
| an outside consultant who in an expert in managing change |
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Term
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Definition
| a manager from within an organization who is knowledgeable about that situation to be changed |
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Term
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Definition
| change that is implemented by managers at a high level in the organization |
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Term
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Definition
| change that in implemented by employees at low levels in the organization and gradually rises until it is felt throughout the organization |
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Term
| Organizational Development (OD) |
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Definition
| a series of techniques and methods that managers can use in their action research program to increase the adaptability of their organization |
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Term
| Organizational Level Impediments to Change |
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Definition
Power and Conflict
Differences in Functional Orientation
Mechanistic Structure
Organizational Culture |
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Term
| Group Level Impediments to Change |
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Definition
Norms
Cohesiveness
Groupthink
Escalation of Commitment |
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Term
| Individual Level Impediments to Change |
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Definition
Uncertainty and Insecurity
Selective Perception and Retention
Habit |
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Term
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Definition
Evolutionary
Revolutionary
Top-Down
Bottom-Up |
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Term
| Techniques to counter Resistance to Change |
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Definition
Education and Communication
Participation and Empowerment
Bargaining and Negotiation
Manipulation
Coercion |
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