Term
|
Definition
Total number of people in a given population with a particular disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Number of people newly diagnosed with a particular disease in a given 1-year period |
|
|
Term
What are the two major structures of the nervous system divided into? |
|
Definition
Central Nervous System (CNS)
and
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
|
|
Term
Which nervous system is responsible for thought, perception, feelings and autonomic body functions? |
|
Definition
Central Nervous System (CNS) |
|
|
Term
Which nervous system is responsible for transmitting commands from the brain to the body and receiving feedback from the brain? |
|
Definition
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
|
|
Term
What leaves the brain through the peripheral nervous system and conveys commands to other parts of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are nerves that send information to the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What part of the brain is used to filter out unneeded information before it reaches the cerebral cortex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What part of the brain lies between the brainstem and the cerebrum and includes the thalamus and hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What portion of the brainstem is responsible for helping to regulate the LOC including patterns of sleep and wakefulness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What part of the midbrain is located just inferior to the midbrain and controls respiratory pace and depth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What part of the midbrain controls the blood pressure and pulse rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What two parts of the brain control emotions? |
|
Definition
Limbic System
and
Hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
Where is anger and rage generated within the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Where is pleasure, thirst, and hunger found within the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What lobe of the brain, is located in the posterior, inferior area of the skull, and manages complex motor activity unconsciously? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are gaps between nerve cells, across which nervous stimuli are transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is an insulating substance that allows the cell to transmit its signal consistently, without shorting out or losing electricity to surrounding fluids and tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is tightly clenched teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the medical term for drooping, sagging or prolapse of a part of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
State in which a person does not respond to verbal or painful stimuli? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What mneumonic helps you make a broad assessment of the patient's LOC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is part of the frontal bone and feels like a notch near the bridge of the nose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is it when patients contract their arms and curl them towards their chest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What posture will the patients point their toes but extend their arms outward and rotate the lower arms in a palms-down manner called pronation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are sensory stimulations that cannot be verified by others? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are thoughts, ideas or perceived abilities that have no basis in common reality? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Inability to connect an object with its correct name |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Inability to connect an object with its proper use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A person that is unable to understand speech but able to speal clearly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A person that is unable to speak clearly but is able to understand speech |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is charatcerized by features of both expressive and receptive aphasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Weakness of one side of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Paralysis of one side of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the crossing of nerves as they leave the cerebral cortex, move through the brainstem, and arrive at the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the term used to describe alteration of a person's ability to perform coordinated mtions like walking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a rapid, jerky muscle contraction that occurs involuntary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are contractions of the body into bizarre positions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is stiffness of motion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is a fine, oscillating movement usually occuring in the hands and head?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tremor occurs with the patient at rest and not moving? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tremor occurs when the patient is asked to reach out and grab an object? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tremor occurs when a body part is placed in a particular position and required to maintain that position for a long time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a rigid, contracted body posture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is characterized by rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscle groups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a sensation of numbness or tingling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it when the patient can feel nothing withing a body part? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the movement of a structure from its normal location into another space? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the episodes of cerebral ischemia without any permanent damage? |
|
Definition
| Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) |
|
|
Term
| What is a sensation where the patient experiences before the seizure occurs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Term where seizure begins in one spot and moves wave-like to other locations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A seizure that lasts longer than 4 to 5 minutes or consecutive seizures without a return to consciousness between seizures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a sudden and temporary loss of consciousness with accompanying loss of postural tone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the signs ans symptoms that precede a disease or condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chronic deterioration of memory, personality, language skills, perception, reasoning or judgement, with no LOC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common form of dementia ans is a progressive organic condition in which neurons die? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medical term for growths within the body that serve no useful purpose and are caused by errors that occur during cellular reproduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Autoimmune condition in which the body attacks the myelin of the brain and spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Involuntary, rhythmic eye movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Electrical sensation down the spine or extremities when the head is flexed forward |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disease in which the immune system attacks portions of the nervous system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the exchanging of the plasma within the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the slowing down of routine motions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a group of conditions in which the nerves leaving the spinal cord are damaged |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3rd leading cause of death in the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the midbrain is the reason you get tired often at the same time of the day |
|
Definition
| Reticular Activating System (RAS) |
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain is also responsible for controlling BP, pulse rate and resp rate and pattern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the fundamental element of the nervous system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the synapse connect to the next cell by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain controls vision and storage of visual memories |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain controls sense of touch and texture and storage of tactile memories |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain controls hearing, smell, language, and storage of sound and odor memories |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain is responsible for voluntary muscle control and storage of spatial memories |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain controls judgement and prediction of consequences of a person's actions ans abstract intellectual functions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain controls basic emotions and basic reflexes, such as chewing and swallowing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain is the relay center that prioritizes signals to hone in on important messages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain controls emotion, temperature control, and interfaces with the endocrine system |
|
Definition
| Diencephalon (hypothalamus) |
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain controls LOC, reticular activating system, muscle tone and posture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain controls resp pattern and depth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain controls pulse rate, BP, and resp rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes up the brainstem |
|
Definition
| Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblangata |
|
|
Term
| What is in control of reflexes and the relay of information to and from the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gives you an overview of the pt and his or her current state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal nerves responsible for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the classic sound that is created if a partial obstruction of the upper airway is present |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a high-pitched sound, usually heard during inspiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is caused by a decreased pulse rate, decreased resp rate, and widened pulse pressure (systolic hypertension) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is sensory stimulation that can be confirmed by others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is breaking with common reality and existing mainly within an internal world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fear, anger and helplessness are common emotions of what state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be a cause of anger, frustration or aggression |
|
Definition
| Low Glucose or Oxygen level |
|
|
Term
| How should you approach the eyes to limit corneal reflex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A condition in which the body generates antibodies against its own acetylcholine receptors, causing muscle weakness, often in the face |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What indicates that there is some degree of misfiring of neurons between the occipital lobe and temporal lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What indicates that there is some degree of misfiring of neurons between the temporal lobe and frontal lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain does receptive aphasia indicate is damaged |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What part of the brain is damaged with expressive aphasia
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 basic types of strokes |
|
Definition
| Ischemic (75%) and Hemorrhagic (25%) |
|
|
Term
| Stroke caused by an occlusion or blockage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one of the hallmarks of a hemorrhagic stroke |
|
Definition
| Worst headache of my life |
|
|
Term
| What is the pressure of blood within the cranial vault |
|
Definition
| Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) |
|
|
Term
| How many people will have a stroke soon after they have a TIA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| #1 Preventable cause of strokes and TIA's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sudden, erratic firing of neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the rest period of the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many pt's in status epilepticus will die |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of headaches are caused by changes in the size of blood vessels at the base of the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are rare vascular headaches that begin in the face as a minor pain around one eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are caused by inflammation or infection within the sinus cavities of the face |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What presents with dementia and is caused by a vitamin b1 deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sudden state of confusion or disorientation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the hallmark sign of dementia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process by which cancerous cells move to sites distant from their site of origin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a disease that strikes the voluntary motor neurons |
|
Definition
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig Disease |
|
|
Term
| What is a neurologic condition in which past injuries to the brain can have an influence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What portion of the brain that produces dopamine has been found to be damaged in patients with parkinsons disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Severe, abnormal muscle spasms that cause bizarre contortions, repetitive motions, or postures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of the meninge, the outer covering of the CNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common form of encephalitis and meningitis when it presents in the acute phase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common sign of infectious disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins that are released by gram-negative bacteria when they die? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins that are secreted by some bacteria or fungi to aid in death and digestion of other cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are caused by an infectious agent within the brain or spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a viral infection transmitted by the fecal-oral route |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Death of nerve fibers as a late consequence of polio: the syndrome is characterized by swallowing difficulties, weakness, fatigue, and breathing problems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Downward deviation of the eyes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tube drains out CSF out of the skull and typically into the abdomen? |
|
Definition
| Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) Shunt |
|
|
Term
| What is a developmental anomaly in which a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside the spinal column or even outside the body, usually in the area of the lumbar spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the developmental condition in which damage is done to the brain, often the frontal lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What frees the cerebral cortex for higher activities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the portion of the axon where the neurotransmitters are manufactured |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 29-year-old man, who was recently prescribed an antipsychotic medication, presents with an acute onset of bizarre contortions of the face. Treatment should include: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A 33-year-old woman had an apparent syncopal episode. According to her husband, she complained of dizziness shortly before the episode. He further states that he caught her before she fell to the ground. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious but confused and is sitting in a chair. Her blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg, pulse rate is 110 beats/min and weak, and respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. Her blood glucose level is 74 mg/dL. The MOST likely cause of her syncopal episode is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A 39-year-old woman presents with signs and symptoms of an acute hemorrhagic stroke. She is responsive to deep painful stimuli only and has bilaterally dilated and sluggishly reactive pupils. Her respirations are slow and irregular, blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg, and pulse is 40 and bounding. Initial treatment for this patient involves: |
|
Definition
| Positive pressure ventilatory support |
|
|
Term
A 51-year-old man complains of chronic headaches that have worsened progressively over the past 3 months. Today, he called 9-1-1 because his headache is severe and he is nauseated. His vital signs are stable and he is breathing adequately. The patient denies any medical problems and states that he has been taking acetaminophen for the headaches. You should be MOST suspicious for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A 56-year-old diabetic woman presents with numbness and tingling to both of her hands that have gradually intensified over the past few weeks. Your assessment reveals stable vital signs, adequate breathing, and a blood glucose level of 190 mg/dL. The cardiac monitor reveals a normal sinus rhythm. The patient tells you that she has eaten but has not taken her insulin yet. You should: |
|
Definition
| provide supportive care and safely transport her to the hospital |
|
|
Term
A loss of balance and equilibrium suggests injury to the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A neoplasm is MOST accurately defined as a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A patient experiences severe, shock-like or stabbing pain to one side of the face. This is consistent with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A patient who is unable to use a common object is said to be: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less |
|
Definition
| may require definitive airway control |
|
|
Term
A patient with a unilateral eyelid droop when smiling |
|
Definition
| may be experiencing Bell palsy |
|
|
Term
A patient with suspected meningitis involuntarily flexes her knees when her head is flexed toward her chest. This is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A person's level of consciousness is regulated by the: |
|
Definition
| reticular activating system |
|
|
Term
A staggering gait is MOST suggestive of damage to the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a slight gap between nerve cells |
|
|
Term
A woman brings her 18-year-old son to your EMS station. The patient is actively seizing and, according to the mother, has been seizing for the past 10 minutes. She states that her son has a history of seizures and takes Depakote. The patient is cyanotic, is breathing erratically, and has generalized muscle twitching to all extremities. You should: |
|
Definition
open his airway and begin assisting his ventilations, establish an IV or IO line, and administer 5 to 10 mg of diazepam |
|
|
Term
According to the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen, the possibility of a stroke is increased if: |
|
Definition
| BGL is between 60-400 mg/dL |
|
|
Term
All of the following are examples of acute cerebrovascular emergencies, EXCEPT: |
|
Definition
| accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque |
|
|
Term
All of the following cranial nerves are responsible for airway control, EXCEPT the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Among other functions, the medulla oblongata: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An adult who opens her eyes in response to verbal stimuli, is disoriented, and pushes your hand away when you palpate a painful area has a Glasgow Coma Scale score of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An elderly man presents with slurred speech, confusion, and unilateral facial asymmetry. When asked to squeeze your hands, the strength in his left hand is markedly less than the strength in his right hand. The patient's wife tells you that her husband has type 2 diabetes and hypertension. On the basis of your clinical findings, you should |
|
Definition
Rule out hypoglycemia by assessing his blood sugar, but suspect a right-sided ischemic stroke |
|
|
Term
An elderly man who is a resident of a skilled nursing facility is found unresponsive by a staff nurse. When you and your partner arrive, you assess the patient and note that his respirations are slow and shallow; his heart rate is slow, weak, and irregular; and his skin is cool and clammy. You should |
|
Definition
| assist ventilations ans assess his oxygen saturation |
|
|
Term
An idiopathic seizure is one in which: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Because the facial nerve does not decussate, a stroke to the right cerebral hemisphere would MOST likely cause |
|
Definition
| left-sided weakness and a right-sided facial droop |
|
|
Term
Common causes of trismus in an unresponsive patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common signs and symptoms of a cerebral abscess include: |
|
Definition
| high-grade fever, persistent localized headache, confusion, and focal impairment |
|
|
Term
During a generalized tonic/clonic seizure, the patient is rigid and his back is arched. This represents the _________ phase of the seizure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Emotions such as rage and anger are generated in the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hyperventilating a patient who has increased intracranial pressure (ICP) will: |
|
Definition
| constrict the cerebral vasculature and decrease cerebral perfusion |
|
|
Term
n contrast to a benign neoplasm, a malignant neoplasm |
|
Definition
| can metastasize to other parts of the body |
|
|
Term
In contrast to patients in shock, patients with increased intracranial pressure MOST often experience |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Increased intracranial pressure hydrocephalus occurs when: |
|
Definition
| the movement of CSF decreases, but the production of CSF does not |
|
|
Term
Patients with trismus often require: |
|
Definition
sedation or chemical paralysis to facilitate airway control |
|
|
Term
Spasmodic torticollis is characterized by: |
|
Definition
| neck muscle contraction, which twists the head to one side |
|
|
Term
The involuntary, rhythmic movement of the eyes is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The MOST common sign of an infectious disease is the presence of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What portion of the brainstem regulates respiratory rate and depth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When neurons are deprived of oxygen and glucose |
|
Definition
| they convert to anaerobic metabolism |
|
|
Term
When performing the arm drift test on a patient with a suspected stroke, a positive finding is characterized by: |
|
Definition
| one arm drifting downward and turning toward the body when the patient's eyes are closed |
|
|
Term
Which of the following conditions is a neural tube defect in which part of the nervous system remains outside the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following cranial nerves are assessed when you ask a patient to follow your finger as you move it in an "H" shape? |
|
Definition
Trochlear, oculomotor, abducens |
|
|
Term
Which of the following cranial nerves regulates movement of the head and shoulders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an example of receptive aphasia? |
|
Definition
| You ask a patient who the president is and he or she says, "January." |
|
|
Term
Which of the following would MOST likely cause a sustained increase in intracranial pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
You are assessing an unresponsive 66-year-old man with a history of two prior strokes. According to the patient's wife, he complained of a severe headache and then passed out. His respiratory effort is poor, blood pressure is elevated markedly, and pulse is slow and bounding. The glucometer reads "error." You should: |
|
Definition
| assist ventilations, apply the cardiac monitor, start an IV line with normal saline, administer 12.5 g of 50% dextrose, and reassess his level of consciousness |
|
|
Term
You are dispatched to a local pharmacy, where a 24-year-old woman experienced an apparent seizure. During your assessment, you note that the patient is conscious but combative. The patient's supervisor states that she has a history of seizures and takes Tegretol. The patient's blood pressure is 146/90 mm Hg, pulse rate is 110 beats/min and regular, and respirations are 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes |
|
Definition
| administering oxygen as tolerated, establishing an IV line, padding the rails of the ambulance cot, and transporting without lights and siren |
|
|
Term
You are dispatched to a residence for a 44-year-old woman with a severe headache. You arrive to find the patient lying on her sofa with a wet washcloth on her forehead. She tells you that she has a history of migraine headaches and that this is one of her "typical" headaches. She also complains of nausea and photophobia. Her blood pressure is 170/94 mm Hg, pulse rate is 120 beats/min and regular, and respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: |
|
Definition
| oxygen as tolerated, starting an IV line and administering ondansetron, and transporting without lights or siren |
|
|
Term
You are dispatched to a residence for a middle-aged woman with generalized weakness of approximately 18 hours' duration. Your primary assessment reveals right-sided hemiparesis, a left-sided facial droop, and bilaterally equal and reactive pupils. Further assessment reveals that her blood glucose level is 70 mg/dL. En route to the hospital, you note increased movement of her right arm. She is receiving oxygen via nasal cannula and has a patent IV line in place. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is correct? |
|
Definition
Although the patient is likely experiencing a TIA, you should treat her as though she is experiencing a stroke |
|
|
