Term
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Definition
| The contribution of one gas to the total pressure exerted by all gases |
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Term
| In plumonmary capillary beds, oxygen diffuses from |
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Definition
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Term
| In plumonmary capillary beds, carbon dioxide diffuses from |
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Definition
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Term
| In systemic capillary beds, oxygen diffuses from |
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Definition
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Term
| In systemic capillary beds, carbon dioxide diffuses from |
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Definition
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Term
| Because gases are not equally soluble in liquids and in air, they move down their |
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Definition
| partial pressure gradient |
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Term
| At rest we consume how much oxygen per hour |
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Definition
15 liters per hour
(250 mL per minute) |
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Term
| At rest, we produce how much carbon dioxide per hour |
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Definition
12 Liters of carbon dioxide
(200 mL per minute) |
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Term
| The amount of O2, that moves into the blood from the air, and the amount of CO2, that moves out of the blood into the air is usually at what concentrations |
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Definition
in the same location in the blood are relatively constant
The partial pressures at a given location are therefore also relatively constant |
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Term
| The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and blood occurs by |
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Definition
| simple diffusion across the respiratory membrane |
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Term
| At what body sites does the partial pressure of carbon dioxide exceed the partial pressure of oxygen |
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Definition
Cells
systemic veins
the right atrium and ventricle |
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Term
| In the systemic arteries, the partial pressure of oxygen is |
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Definition
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Term
| In the systemic arteries, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is |
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Definition
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Term
| In the pulmonary veins the partial pressure of oxygen is |
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Definition
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Term
| In the pulmonary veins the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Pulmonary arteries the partial pressure of oxygen is |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Pulmonary arteries the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is |
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Definition
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Term
| In the systemic veins the partial pressure of oxygen is |
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Definition
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Term
| In the systemic veins the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is |
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Definition
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Term
| In systemic arteries, the partial pressure of oxygen is 100 mm Hg. At this partial pressure how much oxygen will be dissoved in the plasma of 1 L of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| Once oxygen diffuses from alveolar air to blood in pulmonary capillaries, it diffuses into |
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Definition
| erythrocytes and binds to hemoglobin for transport in the blood |
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Term
| In the systemic capillaries, hemoglobin in erythrocytes releases oxygen, which then diffuses |
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Definition
| from the blood into tissue cells |
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Term
| What is the oxygen that moves into respiring tissue used for |
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Definition
| to generate ATP through the electron transport chain and oxidative phyosphorylation |
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Term
| Hg, 1 Liter of blood can hold how much oxygen |
|
Definition
200 mL of oxygen
3 mL in plasma
197 mL in hemoglobin |
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Term
| Where does hemoglobin tend to pick up O2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does hemoglobin drop off O2 |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the partial CO2 in the systemic veins |
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Definition
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Term
| If the partial pressure of CO2 in the sytemic veins is 46 mmHg, 1 Liter of blood contains |
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Definition
31 mL (6%) of CO2 dissolved in plasma
39 mL (7%) of CO2 bound to hemoglobin
470 mL (87%) of CO2 in the form of bicarbonate |
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Term
| What is carbonic anhydrase |
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Definition
| the enzyme that catalyzes reaction one |
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Term
| An increase in affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen causes what type of shift |
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Definition
leftward shift
- indicate that a lower PO2 is required to achieve any give level of saturation
- indicates that oxygen is loaded more easily onto hemoglobin
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Term
| A decrease in affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen causes what type of shift |
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Definition
rightward shift
- indicating that a higher PO2 is required to achieve any given lever of saturation
- indicates oxygen is unoladed more easity from hemoglobin, making it more available to the tissue
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Erthrocytes are able to form bicarbonate because they contain the enzyme |
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Definition
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Term
| What catalyzes the reversible reaction that converts carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid |
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Definition
Carbonic anhydrase
CO2 + H2O <---------------------> H2CO3 |
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Term
| An increase in carbon dioxide concentration drives the reaction to the right producing |
|
Definition
| more hydrogen and bicarbonate ions |
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Term
| A decrease in carbon dioxide concentraiton drives the reaction to the left producing |
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Definition
| carbon dioxide from hydrogen and bicarbonate ions |
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Term
| If pH falls, solution gains |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| H+ and Bicarbonate are removed by the |
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Definition
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Term
| The eventual output of inspiratory neurons is to stimulate contraction of the |
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Definition
diaphrapgm, via the phrenic nerve
and
the external intercostal muscles via the external intercostal nerves |
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Term
| What activates chemoreceptors in the walls of systemic arteries |
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Definition
| increases in H+ concentration, which occurs due to increases in CO2 levels in the blood |
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Term
| The respiratory control centers respond to activation of chemoreceptors by increasing |
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Definition
| ventilation (breathing reate and force) which helps to reduce CO2 levels |
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Term
| Peripheral chemoreceptors can be activated by |
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Definition
| decreased O2 levels, but only when O2 levels drop severely low |
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Term
| Receptors in the trachea or in the pharynx and nose recognize pollutants and some chemicals |
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Definition
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Term
| When muscles and joints are used what type of receptor is this |
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Definition
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Term
| An increase in ventilation to meet an increase in the metabolic demands of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Labored or difficult breathing |
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Definition
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Term
| Temporary cessation of breathing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| A condition in which ventilation exceeds the metabolic demands of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| A condition in which ventilation is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| A deficiency of oxygen in the tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| A deficiency of oxygen in the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| An excess of carbon dioxide in the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| A deficiency of carbon dioxide in the blood |
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Definition
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