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| Farmland doubles from 1865-1900. This is due to modern machinery and railroads. |
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Term
| Diverging Black Responses |
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| Some African Americans wrote magazine and newspaper articles so people could hear their voice. Others tried to get separate state and towns for them. Some also want to go back to Africa. |
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| It was an alternative to wood fencing. It kept cattle out of fields. But it also caused problems between ranchers and farmers. |
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| From 1869-1899 the productivity was up 40%. This made prices decline and it hurt the farmers because there was too many crops so not enough money. |
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| Reality and Myth of Farming |
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Definition
| In 1860 there were 60% of people farming and in 1900 it was 37%. |
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| Industry and farming come into conflict. Most farming becomes specialized and makes farmers dependent on other industries and countries. |
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| New Farming and New Farmers |
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Definition
| Corporate farms are becoming more common. There are new farms called Bonanza farms, which have more than 1000 acres. These brought in new workers and machinery. These showed changes for the direction of agriculture. |
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Definition
| From 1869 to 1899 farm production went up 40%. This caused prices to fall. |
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| In 1867 corn was 78 cents a bushel, but in 1889 it was 23 cents a bushel. This didn't hurt the farmers too bad though because prices on everything were going down. |
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Term
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Definition
| Farm production on the Great Plains tripled. Technology, machinery, and barbed wire help a lot. Steel windmills and waterpower help out a lot too. |
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Term
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Definition
| Getting started on the Great Plains was very expensive. Many of the people who lived there were immigrants. Many of the people just rent the land, but will end up leaving because they fail. |
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Term
| Problems for the Great Plains |
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Definition
| Immigration falls off in the early 1890s. Drought causes people to return East and people who stay leave a huge impact on the land. |
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Definition
| Crop farmers start to have problems with the cattle farmers. The cattle started out in Texas and just moved slowly up North. Cattle were profitable because they had free roam. Eventually production goes down due to the lack of free roaming. Areas of the land are overeaten. 90% of the cattle die in the Blizzard of 1886. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Order of the Patrons of Husbandry was the very first attempt to organize farmers. The National Grange was started in 1875 with 800,000 members. They tried to form their own companies like grain elevators, and railroads. In some areas they have success regulating railroads. They call these the Granger laws. The Supreme Court upholds these by saying the states can regulate based on public opinion. |
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Term
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Definition
| This act established national railroad rates that were reasonable and just. The ICC was established and rates were made public. |
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Term
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Definition
| The presidential candidate was Leonidas Polk, but he died. He was replaced by James Weaver. The party wrote a platform that called for direct election of senators, and 8 hour workday, and a graduated income tax. They carried four states, but did not win. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Southern Farmers Alliance gathered in Ocala, Florida in 1890. They created a platform with direct election of senators, lower tariffs, more money, and greater government involvement. This led them to become their own political party. |
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Term
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Definition
| blacks had been freed, but were not socially equal. Some talk in Congress about revoking the blacks right to vote. A number of laws will start to be put in place to remove black rights. The North does nothing to stop these laws. There was a push to make blacks permanent second class citizens. South will start poll tax, literacy tests, and the Grandfather Clause. Which means that your grandfather had to vote as of January 1st 1867. These laws will all but eliminate the blacks right to vote. There were 130,334 black voters in 1896 and in 1904 there were only 1,342. Segregation becomes another law because the court case of Plessy vs. Ferguson, which creates a "Separate but Equal" rule. They will also see a number of Jim Crow laws. In the 1890's lynching's and burnings. 1,400 black men were killed. |
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Term
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Definition
| People were still planting large amounts of cotton, but the price was declining. Many farmers borrow money with up to 100% interest. Most farmers fall deep into debt. Many tenant farmers concentrate their cotton. |
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Term
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Definition
| People in the South start to realize that they need factories, machines, and cities to be successful. They will need Northern investment to do this. They standardize their railroads. More people move to cities and many cities start to develop as industrial centers. |
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