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| raised area of relatively level land |
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| stretches from the Red Sea to Mozambique |
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| is a semiarid region south of the Sahara |
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| a process by which a dessert spreads |
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| lack of rain causes fewer plants to grow |
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| found in both semiarid and tropical areas, are flat grassland with scattered trees and shrubs |
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| copper and dimonds, cannot be replaced or can be replaced only over millions of years |
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| can be used and replaced over a relatively short time period |
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| a scientist that studies fossils |
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| the gradual spreading of the Bantu across Africa over 2000 years |
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| a ruler that ruled Mali from about 1312 to 1332 |
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| a person who goes to a different country to do religious and social work |
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| the ethinic majority of Rwanada-Burundi |
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| the ethin minority of the Rwanda-Burundi |
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| the belief that one race is inferior than another |
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| variety of cultures and viewpoints |
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| an offical policy of racial seperation formerly practiced in South Africa |
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| africa south of the sahara is a region with the dramatically different landforms and climates.This provides for a variety of natural resources |
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| section 1 why it matters now? |
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Definition
| tourists come froma ll over the wrold to explore this regions natural landscapes |
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| Africa south of the Sahara has a rich and significant history. |
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| section 2 why it matters now? |
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| many scientists think Africa south of the Sahara is the cradle of the human race. the oldest fossil remains of humans have come from the region. |
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| the slave trade and colonialsim destroyed traditional cultures and social systems in Africa south of the Sahara |
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| section 3 why it matters now |
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| Africa is still recovering from the effects of the slave trade and colonialism |
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| during the 20th century , Africans nations gained independence from their colonial rulers |
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| section 4 why it matters now |
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| many independance nations in Africa are onw struggling to form democtratic governments |
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| Name 3 renewable resources |
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| cocoa beans, coffee, bananas, peanuts, trees, rubber,vanilla, sugar and tea |
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| name the 3 nonrewable resources |
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| gold, diamonds and copper |
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| (section 1 )Describe the landforms and waterways of Africa |
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Definition
| high lands, low lands, high plateau, Great Rift Valley, lakes, rivers and waterfalls |
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| (section 1 ) Describe four climatic regions of Africa south of the Sahara |
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| dessert, semiarid, tropical and equatorial |
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| (section 2)How did the introuduction of the camel influnence trade in ancient Africa? |
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Definition
| camels expanded trade to North Africa because they could travel across the desert |
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| (section 2)what were the most valuable minerals in ancient Ghana? why? |
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| gold and salt. Ghana taxed traders bringing salt to the south and gold to the north |
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Term
| how did a location in the Niger River valley helps empires flourish? |
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Definition
| the Niger River valley was fertileand in a good position to control trade from North Africa and Europe to the rest of Africa |
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Term
| how did Europeans change the institution of slavery in Africa? |
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Definition
| Europeans did not allow slaves to buy their freedom. they did not treat them like human beings |
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| why did Europeans interest in Africa turn from the slave trade to colonization? |
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Definition
| European nations needed raw meterials and markets to fuel industrial freedom |
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Term
| how is the modern conflict between the Hutu and Tutsi a result of the actions of Europeans rulers? |
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Definition
| Belgian rulers forced people to define identity by ethinic background. people were treated differently, leading to conflict and civil war |
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Term
| What factors strengthened the movement among africans for independence? |
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Definition
| europeans education for some Africans, African soldiers in World Wars 1 and 2, and the Pan-African congresses |
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Term
| how did Nigerias diverstiy create problems after the country gained independance? |
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Definition
| hostility among ethnic groups led to corruption and violence. |
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Term
| How did opportunities for South African citizens to participate in and influence the political process cahne in the 1990´s? |
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| All South Africans, including nonwhites, could now vote |
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