Term
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Definition
Consists of a tract and nucleus
CNS communicates with peripheral body structures
Conducts sensory or motor information |
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Term
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Definition
| Groups or bundles of axons that travel together in the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Collection of neuron cell bodies located in the CNS |
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Term
| What is a sensory pathway |
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Definition
Ascending pathway, sensory information is gathered by sensory receptors and ascends through the spinal cord to brain
1) discriminative touch permits textures and shapes of unseen objects
2)temperature and pain
3)Proprioception |
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Term
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Definition
| descending pathways, transmit motor information from the brain through the spinal cord to muscles and glands. |
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Term
| What is Decussate (Decussation) |
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Definition
| to cross over from one side of the body to the other. Left side of brain processes info from right side of body. |
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Term
| What 3 neurons does the sensory pathway use to transmit info from peripheral body to the brain? |
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Definition
| Primary neuron, secondary and tertiary neurons |
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Term
| What is the primary neuron |
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Definition
dendrite part of receptor that detects stimulus
cell body resides in root ganglia
axon projects to secondary neuron |
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Term
| What is a secondary neuron |
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Definition
interneuron
cell body in posterior horn of the spinal cord or brainstem
axon projects to thalamus for conscious sensation, or celbellum for unconscious proprioception. |
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Term
| What is the tertiary neuron |
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Definition
| cell body resides in thalamus |
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Term
| What is the lemniscal pathway |
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Definition
| information about limb position and discriminative touch (exactly where your being touched), precise pressue, and vibration sensations. |
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Term
| what is the anterolateral pathway |
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Definition
part of sensory pathways.
Anterior - Transmits crude touch (cant tell what's touching you)and pressure
Lateral - pain and temperature. |
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Term
| what is the spinocerebellum |
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Definition
Sensory pathway
Critical for regulating posture and coordinating skilled movements. Integrated and acted upon at a subconscious level.
Does not use tertiary neurons |
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Term
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Definition
descending pathways of the brain and spinal cord that control the activities of the skeletal muscle.
Formed from cerebral nuclei, the cerebellum, descending projection tracts, and motor neurons.
Two pathways, direct and indirect |
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Term
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Definition
Motor pathway
also called pyramidal or corticospinal pathway
Originates in the pyramidal cells of the primary motor cortex. |
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Term
| What is a Corticobulbar tract |
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Definition
A direct pathway
Axons of these lower motor neurons help form cranial nerves.
Transmit motor information to control eye movement, cranial, facial, pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles. |
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Term
| What is the corticospinal tract |
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Definition
| cerebral cortex to the brainstem, medulla oblongata, continue into spinal cord. composed of lateral and anterior tracts. |
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Term
| What is the lateral corticospinal tract? |
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Definition
| innervate skeletal muscles that control skilled movements in limbs including guitar playing, piano, dribbling |
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Term
| What is the anterior corticospinal tract? |
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Definition
Voluntary activities.
Represent 15% of the axons of the upper motor neurons that extend through the medulla oblongata. |
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Term
| What is an indirect pathway |
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Definition
Motor pathway
Motor input, issue motor commands for activities that occur unconsciously. knowing how fast to walk, how far to go, and when to stop.
Includes Rubrospinal, Tactospinal, Vestibulospinal, and Reticularspinal |
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Term
| What is reticular formation |
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Definition
functional brain has motor and sensory components.
motor component assist in automatic motor functions like respiration, blood pressure and heart rate.
Sensory component processes visual, auditory and touch stimuli a keeps you in a state of mental awareness.Also arouses you from sleep by sending sound of alarm clock to cerebellum. |
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Term
| What are the divisions of the automatic nervous system |
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Definition
| Parasympathetic and Sympathetic. |
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Term
| What is the Parasympathetic |
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Definition
Origin of fibers - brain and spinal cord
Length of fibers - long preganglionic and short postganglionic
Location of gangion - in the visceral effector organs.
Involves D activities, Digestion, defecation and diuresis. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin of fibers - Thoracolumbar region of spinal cord
Length of fibers -short preganglionic and long postganglionic
Location of ganglia - close to spinal cord
Involves E activities, exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment. |
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Term
| Name the two neurotransmitters involved in the ANS |
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Definition
| Acetycholine (ACh) and Norephinephrine (NE) |
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Term
| Which fibers release ACh? |
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Definition
released by all preganglionic axons and by all parasympathetic postganglionic fibers.
Released by some sympathetic postganglionc fibers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Released only by the sympathetic post ganglionic fibers |
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Term
| Fibers that release ACh are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the receptors that ACh binds to |
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Definition
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Term
| How do neurotransmitters affect the heart? |
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Definition
| Parasympathetic stimulation by ACh slows the heart while sympathetic stimultion NE speeds up the heart rate. |
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Term
| Name two receptors Epinephrine and NE bind to |
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Definition
Alpha
Beta (Beta only on heart) |
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Term
| Name the sympathetic ganglionic or post ganglionic fibers? |
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Definition
Adrenergic
-Releases Epinephrine or NE. |
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Term
| What do Cholinergic fibers release |
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Definition
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