Term
|
Definition
| the substance of inheritance |
|
|
Term
| Why does the DNA program direct the development of many different types of traits? |
|
Definition
| The DNA codes for protein production and protein makes us different |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studied different viral straings of Streptococcus pneumoniae, physician |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| american, mid 20s, arrogant, womanizer, loud, came up with double-helical model for DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| established, 30s, family man, discovered double helix for DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smooth strain, pathogenic |
|
|
Term
| Why is the smooth strain pathogenic? |
|
Definition
| The smoothness comes from an extra protein sugary coat making it go unnoticed by the immune system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used heat to kill Smooth cell strains and tested the lysate: built off Griffith and showed that DNA was the reason for transformation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell (NAKED DNA) |
|
|
Term
| DNA can come back together after denaturing because of the ____________________________ |
|
Definition
| complimentary bonds, complimentary base pairing attraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liquid full of inside of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| virus that infects bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Bacteriophages are made up of ______, _____, ______, and _______. |
|
Definition
| phage heads, tails, tail fibers, and DNA |
|
|
Term
| Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase |
|
Definition
| performed experiments showing that DNA is the genetic material of a phage known as T2. |
|
|
Term
| Who gave Watson and Crick the information they needed? |
|
Definition
Chargoff- paper chromotography
Franklin- X-ray crystallography |
|
|
Term
| What is a polymer of nucleotides consisting of three components: a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| helped Watson and Crick, said that DNA composition varies from one species to the next |
|
|
Term
| _______ bases per species but ______ amounts per species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ between species came from the amount of each of the bases. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin |
|
Definition
| X-ray crytallography to study molecular struucture (Defraction) |
|
|
Term
__ angstroms=1 revolution
__ angstroms between stacks
__ nm in width |
|
Definition
34 angstroms
.34 angstroms between stacks
2 nm in width |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| published a paper before Watson and Crick but was wrong. |
|
|
Term
| What two things did Pauling have wrong in his first publication? |
|
Definition
1: Position of phosphate groups inward would cause molecule to blow up.
2: Triple helix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
C1= ______
C2=_______
C3=_______ |
|
Definition
phosphate group
new sugar
hydroxyl group |
|
|
Term
| A ____________ reaction occurs at the sugar to add a new phosphate group. |
|
Definition
| condensation synthesis reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3, A+T is easier to unzip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5 Carbon sugar, always in a nitrogenous base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Since the two strands of DNA are complementary, each strand acts as a _______ for building a new strand in replication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conservative DNA Replication |
|
Definition
| results in one old, and one completely new strand. WRONG |
|
|
Term
| Dispersive DNA Replication |
|
Definition
| mixture of old and new strands on both sides. WRONG |
|
|
Term
| Semiconservative DNA Replication |
|
Definition
| Both daughter molecules have one old strand and one newly made strand. TRUE |
|
|
Term
| In DNA replication, the two new daughter molecules will be made of: |
|
Definition
| One newly made strand and one old strand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supported the semiconservative model of DNA replication |
|
|
Term
| Who supported the semiconservative model of DNA replication? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where the bases are hydrogen bonding |
|
|
Term
| Hydrogen bonds occur where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| special sites where DNA replication begins |
|
|
Term
| Where are the two strands of DNA seperated? |
|
Definition
| The Origins of Replication |
|
|
Term
| What are the products of DNA synthesis? |
|
Definition
| Two DNA molecules attached at the centromere until anaphase |
|
|
Term
| Eukaryotic DNA Replication |
|
Definition
| hundreds to thousands of replication origins, linear molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA is built ___ to ___ but read ___ to ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does DNA Polymerase catalyze? |
|
Definition
| the production of phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotides |
|
|
Term
| What must DNA Polymerase have in order in order to start replicating? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is elonating a new DNA strand endergonic or exergonic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the antiparallel structure of the double helix affect replication? |
|
Definition
| It creates a leading and lagging strand because it can only build 5'-3' |
|
|
Term
| Primase adds a ___ to the ___ end in order for DNA Polymerase to work. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA Polymerases ______ initiate the synthesis of a polynucleotide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA Polymerase _____ nucleotides only to the free ___ end |
|
Definition
| adds....3'(hydroxyl group) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3' end
nucleotide
proper complementary nucleotide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synthesized as a series of segments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand |
|
|
Term
| What are the fragments that attach the series of replicated DNA on the lagging strand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attaches together the Okazaki fragments on the laggin strand |
|
|
Term
| _________ can't seal or stick nucleotides together in DNA synthesis because it doesn't have the energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which polymerase kicks out the primer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is needed for the synthesis of the leading strand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the lagging strand, each okazaki fragment must be _____ seperately |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strand continuously built |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strand fragmentally built |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ of the parent DNA is why both strands synthesize differently. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA Polymerase ______ newly made DNA, replacing and incorrect nuceotides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do enzymes correct errors in base pairing so accurately? |
|
Definition
| Because they are super specific due to their precise active sites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the guardian of the genome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does excission repair require? |
|
Definition
| Nucleases, DNA polymerases, and DNA lygase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two T's bond together forming a bump |
|
|
Term
| How do you fix a Thymine dimer? |
|
Definition
| nuclease-> excision repair(like scissors)->remove half of the helix |
|
|
Term
| Everytime DNA Synthesis happens the _____ become shorter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why can't DNA polymerase fix telomerase primers? |
|
Definition
| It must have a 3' end to attach to. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the linear DNA problem? |
|
Definition
| the shortening of the telomeres |
|
|
Term
| Telomeres _____ the erosion of genes near the ends of DNA molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in germ cells |
|
|
Term
| Cancer cells have _____ working. |
|
Definition
|
|
