Term
| pituitary gland, hypophysis cerebri |
|
Definition
| approximately the size of a pea and located at the base of the brain. The pituitary is divided into two lobes. |
|
|
Term
| anterior lobe or adenohypohysis |
|
Definition
| produces and secretes the following hormones: growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin or lactogenic hormone (PRL) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates the growth of the body |
|
|
Term
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
|
Definition
| stimulates the adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) |
|
Definition
| stimulates the thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affect the male and female reproductive systems |
|
|
Term
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) |
|
Definition
| regulate development, growth, and function of the ovaries and testes |
|
|
Term
| prolactin or lactogenic hormone (PRL) |
|
Definition
| promotes development of glandular tissue during pregnancy and produces milk after birth of an infant |
|
|
Term
| posterior lobe or neurohypophysis |
|
Definition
| stores and releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin |
|
|
Term
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
|
Definition
| stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulates uterine contractions during labor and postpartum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located near the pituitary gland in the brain. This secretes "releasing" hormone that functions to stimulate or inhibit the release of pituitary gland hormones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| largest endocrine gland. It is located in the neck below the larynx and comprises bilateral lobes connected by an isthmus. The thyroid gland secretes the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which require iodine for their production. Thyroxine is necessary for body cell metabolism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| four small bodies lying directly behind the thyroid. Parathormone (PTH), the hormone produced by the glands, helps maintain the level of calcium in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout the pancreas, made up of different cell types that secrete various hormones, including insulin and glucagon. Nonendocrine cells found throughout the pancreas perform nonendocrine functions such as digestion. |
|
|
Term
| adrenal glands, suprarenals |
|
Definition
| paired glands, one of which is located above each kidney. The outer portion is called the adrenal cortex, and the inner portion is called the adrenal medulla. The following hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secreted by the cortex. Electrolytes (mineral salts) that are necessary for normal body function are regulated by this hormone. |
|
|
Term
| epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline) |
|
Definition
| secreted by the medulla. These hormones help the body to deal with stress by increasing the blood pressure, heartbeat, and respirations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cortex (the outer layer of a body organ) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlargement of the extremities (and bones of the face, hands, and feet caused by excessive production of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland after puberty) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal softening of a gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal condition of a gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the adrenal gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlargement (of one or both) of the adrenal glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive calcium in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive sugar in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive potassium in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| state of excessive thyroid gland activity (characterized by excessive secretion of thyroid hormone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficient level of calcium in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficient level of sugar in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficient level of potassium in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficient level of sodium in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| state of deficient thyroid gland activity (characterized by decreased secretion of thyroid hormones) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tumor of a parathyroid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition brought about by an abnormal accumulation of acid products of metabolism, seen frequently in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex. Symptoms may include weakness, darkness of skin, loss of appetite, depression, and other emotional problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition caused by congenital absence or atrophy of the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism. The disease is characterized by puffy features, mental deficiency, large tongue, and dwarfism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of symptoms attributed to the excessive production or cortisol by the adrenal cortices. This syndrome may be the result of a pituitary tumor. Symptoms include abnormally pigmented skin, "moon face", pads of fat on the chest and abdomen, "buffalo hump" (hump on the upper back), and wasting away of muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| result of decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Symptoms include excessive thirst (polydipsia) and large amounts of urine (polyuria) and sodium between excreted from the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism. This is caused by underactivity of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, which results in insufficient production of insulin. When the disease is not controlled or is untreated, the patient may develop ketosis, acidosis, and finally coma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition brought about by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland before puberty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlargement of the thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exophthalmos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, in which the body has an abnormal concentration of ketone bodies (compounds that re a normal product of fat metabolism) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition resulting from a deficiency of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. A severe form of hypothyroidism in an adult. Symptoms include puffiness of the face and hands, coarse and thickened skin, enlarged tongue, slow speech, and anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition affecting nerves causing muscle spasms as a result of low amounts of calcium in the blood caused by a deficiency of the parathyroid hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of an adrenal gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of a parathyroid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of the thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incision of the thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of the thyroid and parathyroid glands |
|
|
Term
| radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU) |
|
Definition
| a nuclear medicine scan that measures thyroid function. Radioactive iodine is given to the patient orally, after which its uptake into the thyroid gland is measured. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nuclear medicine test that shows the size, shape, and position of the thyroid gland. The patient is given a radioactive substance to visualize the thyroid gland. An image is recorded as the scanner is passed over the neck area. Used to detect tumors and nodules. |
|
|
Term
| fasting blood sugar (FBS) |
|
Definition
| a blood test to determine the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood after fasting for 8 to 10 hours. Elevation indicates diabetes mellitus. |
|
|
Term
| thyroid-stimulating hormone level (TSH) (thyrotropin) |
|
Definition
| a blood test that measures the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood. Used to diagnose hyperthyroidism and to monitor patients on thyroid replacement therapy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a blood study that gives the direct measurement of the amount of thyroxine in the patient's blood. A greater-than-normal amount indicates hyperthyroidism; a less-than-normal amount indicates hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive development of the adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disease of the adrenal gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficiency of calcium (hypocalcemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a physician who studies and treats diseases of the endocrine disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the endocrine system (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the endocrine system) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (any) disease of the endocrine system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resembling a normal (functioning) thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal state of much thirst |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (set of symptoms that) run (occur) together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal protrusion of the eyeball |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland that is carried in the blood to a target tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| narrow strip of tissue connecting two large parts of the body, such as the isthmus that connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in a living organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diabetes insipidus
(abbreviation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diabetes mellitus
(abbreviation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fasting blood sugar
(abbreviation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
radioactive iodine uptake
(abbreviation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thyroxine level
(abbreviation) |
|
|
