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| Both Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller amassed huge fortunes through vertical integration |
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| During the second industrial revolution, the courts |
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| tended to favor the interests of industry over those of labor |
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| By 1880, a majority of Americans worked in non-farm activities |
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| The __________ made possible the second industrial revolution in America |
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| Lochner v. New York voided a state law establishing ten hours per day, or sixty per week, as the maximum hours of work for bakers, citing that it infringed on individual freedom. |
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| The second industrial revolution was marked by: |
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| the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries. |
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| In the late nineteenth century, social thinkers such as Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and Laurence Gronlund offered numerous plans for change, primarily because they were alarmed by a fear of: |
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| class warfare and the growing power of concentrated capital. |
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| Republican economic policies strongly favored the interests of eastern industrialists and bankers. |
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| The Civil Service Act of 1883: |
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| created a merit system for government workers |
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| William M. Tweed was a(n) |
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| c. political boss who, although corrupt, provided important services to New Yorkers |
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| The Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 to |
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| ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable and fair rates |
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| The theory of Social Darwinism argued that |
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| the theory of evolution applied to humans, thus explaining why some were rich and some were poor. |
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| In the nineteenth century, pools, trusts, and mergers were |
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| ways that manufacturers sought to control the marketplace |
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| In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis |
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| focused on the wretched conditions of New York City slums |
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| The events of 1886 suggested that labor might be on the verge of establishing itself as a permanent political force. |
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