Term
| What is one of the most common pathologic conditions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many people over the age of 65 have COPD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many American have asthma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many deaths does asthma cause anually? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pneumonia accounts for how many in-hospital deaths in the United States? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process of exchanging air between the lungs and the environment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is respiratory compromise related to morbid obesity? |
|
Definition
| Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome or Pickwickian Syndrome 853 |
|
|
Term
| A disease of unknown cause that involves progressive paralysis that moves from the feet to the head (ascending paralysis). |
|
Definition
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome 853 |
|
|
Term
| Fatal disease, with death uaually attributable to respiratory failure as the muscles of respiration become unable maintain adequate ventilations. |
|
Definition
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Lou Gehrig Disease 853 |
|
|
Term
| Poisoning from eating food containing botuinum toxin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is probably the most common hypoventilation crisis paramedics will see? |
|
Definition
| Acute Heroin Overdose 853 |
|
|
Term
| What is the hands and feet clenched into a clawlike position? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A respiratory pattern characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis, with marked hyperpnea and tachypnea. |
|
Definition
| Kussmaul Respirations 853 |
|
|
Term
| A set o bony convolutions in the nasopharynx that help to maintain smooth airflow and warm, humidify, and filter the air as it is inhaled. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a vascular reaction characterized by severe swelling, often around the eyes and lips? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vocal cords and the opening between them, at the top of the trachea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most obvious external landmark of the larynx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What appear as two pearly white lumps at the distal end of each vocal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are individual names of the arytenoid cartilage lumps? |
|
Definition
| Cuneiform and Corniculate Cartilages 855 |
|
|
Term
| Hollow pockets on the lateral portions of the glottic opening. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ringlike cartilage forming the lower and back part of the larynx. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The membrane between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages of the larynx. |
|
Definition
| Cricothyroid Membrane 855 |
|
|
Term
| What are the connective tissue, small airways, and alveoli collectively referred to as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the trunk of the tracheobronchial tree? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How far does the trachea extend from the larynx to the left and right mainstem bronchi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are small hairlike structures that rhythmically wave in a pattern that helps move particulate matter up and out of the airway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gas transfer is most efficient in the alveoli, but a significant amount of gas is also exchanged across the ____ ____. |
|
Definition
| Respiratory Bronchioles 856 |
|
|
Term
| The functional portions of a gland or solid organ. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mucus-producing cells found mainly in the repiratory and intestinal tracts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The nonstriated involuntary muscle found in vessel walls, glands, and the GI tract. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process by which deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation releases carbon dioxide and is resupplied with oxygen before it enters the cardiac circulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do alveoli function best? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A situation in which a portion of the output of the right side of the heart reaches the left side of the heart without being oxygenated in the lungs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The production of more red blood cells over time, making the blood "thick". |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is right-sided heart failure because of chronic lung disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can put significant strain on the right side of the heart when pushed through the tiny pulmonary capillaries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the network of gaps between the air-filled alveoli and the capilaries, which supply deoxygented blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The portion of the tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and, thus, does not participate in gas exchange. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typically, anatomic dead space is about ____ per pound of ideal body weight. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary muscle of respiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The chest wall and associated muscles form a ____ ____ that must function correctly for ventilation to occur. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What forms the basic structures of the bellows? |
|
Definition
| Spine, Sternum, and Ribs 860 |
|
|
Term
| What is the shiny, slippery pleural membrane that lines the inside of the thorax? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the shiny, slippery pleural membrane that lines the outside of the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many cases of COPD can be related to cigarette smoking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 5% of COPD cases can be attributed to the genetic absence of a critical enzyme ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the two-layered blanket mucus that is thick on the surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the two-layered blanket mucus that is thin and watery next to the cilia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 type of alveoli cells? |
|
Definition
| Type I and Type II Pneumocytes 858 |
|
|
Term
| What reduces surface tension and helps keep the alveoli expanded? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during one breath. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diseases that limit the ability of the lungs to expand appropriately. |
|
Definition
| Restrictive Lung Diseases 860 |
|
|
Term
| What is it call when air is trapped in the mediastinum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mediatinum referred to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process by which oxygen is taken into the body, distributed to the cells, and used by the cells to make energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary by-product of respirations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best measurement of ventilation? |
|
Definition
| The Carbon Dioxide Level 861 |
|
|
Term
| Effective diffsion is driven by having a higher concetration of ____ in the alveoli than there is in the bloodstream. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients who are ____ or ____ also have an impaired ability to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
|
Definition
| Anemic or Hypovolemic 861 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The oxygen-carrying pigment of red blood cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the neurologic control of respirations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many parts of the brainstem are responsible the smooth, rhythmic breathing that occurs without conscious effort? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What helps regulate the depth of respiration and keeps the lungs from overinflating? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the intercostal muscles? |
|
Definition
| Thoracic Spinal Nerves 861 |
|
|
Term
| What refers to the circulatory component of the respiratory system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the body's immediate response to mild hypoxemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the body's response to severe hypoxia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do the phrenic nerves arise from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluid balance, acid-base balance, and blood pressure are controlled, in part, by the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The production of large amounts of urine by the kidneys. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the minimum personal protective equipment when treating a patient with respiratory distress? |
|
Definition
| Gloves, Eye Protection, and a Hepa Respirator 863 |
|
|
Term
| What is dyspne that comes on suddenly in the middle of the night and may be an ominous sign as it may signal left-sided heart failure? |
|
Definition
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea 863 |
|
|
Term
| Tall, thin young adults are predisposed to ____ ____. |
|
Definition
| Spontaneous Pneumothorax 863 |
|
|
Term
| Women who smoke and take birth-control pills are predisposed to ____ ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the classic presentation of a patient with emphysema? |
|
Definition
| Barrel Chest, Muscle Wasting, and Pursed-lip breathing 863 |
|
|
Term
| During inhalation, the sternum or ribs pull back or recede (retract) into the chest, creating a visible deformity with each breath. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Soft tissue is drawn in around the bones during inhalation. Dramatic retractions can be seen in the supraclavicular, intercostal, and subxiphoid areas. |
|
Definition
| Soft-tissue Retractions 865 |
|
|
Term
| The nostrils are pulled wide opening during inhalatio. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During inhalation, the thyroid cartilage is pulled upward and the area just above the sternal notch is drawn in. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During inhalation, the epigastrium is pulled in as the abdomen is pushed out, creating a seesaw effect as the two move in opposite directions. |
|
Definition
| Paradoxical Respiratory Movement 865 |
|
|
Term
| The weak or absent peripheral pulses on inhalation are caused by extreme pressure changes in the thorax. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients with obstructive diseases have trouble pushing air out. It is more effective to exhale slowly over a long period than to try to push the air out forcefully. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In infants and young children with lower airway illness, the glottis closes at the end of exhalation, so there is a grunting at the end of each breath. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a classic sign of respiratory distress in infants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is heard by listening on the anterior part of the chest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be heard by listening just beneath or lateral tothe right breast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are made by turbulent flow in the large airways as they are transmitted through the chest to te stethoscope? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inspiratory and expiratory sounds are both loud. |
|
Definition
| Tracheal Breath Sounds 866 |
|
|
Term
| Inspiratory sounds are shorter than expiratory sounds, and both are loud. |
|
Definition
| Bronchial Breath Sounds 866 |
|
|
Term
| Inspiratory and expiratory sounds are about the same and of medium intensity. |
|
Definition
| Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds 866 |
|
|
Term
| Inspiratory sounds last longer then expiratory sounds, and both are faint. |
|
Definition
| Vesicular Breath Sound 866 |
|
|
Term
| What are abnormal breath sounds that are extra noises that can be heard on top of the normal breath sounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Discontinuous sounds are the instantaneous pops, snaps, and clicks known as _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are high-pitched, whistling sounds made by air being forced through narrowed airways, which makes them vibrate, much like the reed in a musical instrument. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a patient says "99" repeatedly, it sounds like a hum through a normal lung. Through a consolidated lung, you can understand the words "99". |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The patient says "eeeeee" while you are auscultating, and you hear "aaaaaa." The sound may be heard particularly well over pleural effusion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The patient whispers while you are auscultaing, and you can understand what is said. |
|
Definition
| Whispered Pectoriloquy 866 |
|
|
Term
| The sound of one note during wheezing, caused by the vibration of a single bronchus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sound of multiple notes during wheezing, caused by the vibration of many bronchus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the discontinuous noises heard during auscultation of the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are caused by the popping open of air spaces? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the movement of fluid or secretions in the larger airways? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What usually refers to the high-pitched crackles heard in the lung bases at the end of inspiration and are consistent with pulmonary edema? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a nonspecific term that usually refers to low-pitched crackles caused by secretions in the larger airways? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sounds like two pieces of wet rubber being drawn over each other and is heard when the patient has pleurisy? |
|
Definition
| A Pleural Friction Rub 867 |
|
|
Term
| What is an infection or edema of the pleural membranes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an audible sound from an upper airway obstruction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an audible sound from a lower airway obstruction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a low-pitched gurgling sound that is sometimes heard as patients become unable to clear their own secretions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What indicates partial obstruction of the upper airway by the tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a harsh, high-pitched sound heard during inhalation, indicates narrowing, usually as a result of swelling (laryngeal edema)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sound signals the presence of fluid in the upper airway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Full of pus or having the character of pus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A chronic bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the brain and kidneys. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What may blood-tinged sputum indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What might frothy, sometimes with a pink tinge sputum indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What might thick sputum indicate? |
|
Definition
| Dehydration or Antihitamine Use 868 |
|
|
Term
| What might purulent sputum indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What might yellow, green, or brown sputum indicate? |
|
Definition
| Older secretions in various stages of decompression 868 |
|
|
Term
| What might clear or white sputum indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What might blood-streaked sputum indicate? |
|
Definition
| Tumor, Tuberculosis, Pulmonay Edema, or Trauma from Coughing 868 |
|
|
Term
| Irregular gasps that are widely spaced; usually represent stray neurologic impulses in a dying patient; not actually considered a form of breathing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characterized by a prolonged inspiratory hold (fish breathing); follows damage to the pneumotaxic center in the brain; an ominous sign of severe brain injury. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chaotically irregular respirations that indicate severe brain injury or brainstem herniation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Irregular pattern, rate, and depth of respirations, characterized by intermittent patterns of apnea; indicates severe brain injury or brainstem herniation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unusally slow respiration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tachypneic hyperpnea; rapid and deep respirations caused by increased intracranial pressure or direct brain injury; drives carbon dioxide level down and pH up, resulting in respiratory alkalosis. |
|
Definition
| Central Neurogenic Hyper-Ventilation 868 |
|
|
Term
| Crescendo-decrescendo breathing with a period of apnea between cycles; not considered ominous unless grossly exaggerated or occurs in a patient with brain trauma. |
|
Definition
| Cheyne-Stokes Respirations 868 |
|
|
Term
| Forced exhalation against a closed glottis; an airway-clearing maneuver; also seen when foreign substances irritate the airways; controlled by the cough center in the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm, causing short exhalations with a characteristic sound; sometimes seen in cases of diaphragmatic (or phrenic) nerve irritation from acute myocardial infarction, ulcer disease, or endotracheal intubation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abnormally increased rate and depth of breathing; seen in various nerologic and chemical disorders, including overdose with certain drugs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abnormally decreased rate and depth of breathing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The same pattern as in central neurogenic hyperventilation but caused by the body's response to metabolic acidosis, attempting to rid itself of blood acetone via the lungs; seen in diabetic ketoacidosis; accompanied by a fruity (acetone) breath odor and, usually, cracked and dry mouth and lips. |
|
Definition
| Kussmaul Respirations 869 |
|
|
Term
| Periodically taking a deep breath of about twice the normal volume; forces open alveoli that routinely close from time to time. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unusually rapid breathing; does not reflect depth of respiration and does not mean a patient is hyperventilating; often involves moving only small volumes of air, or hypoventilation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seems beneficial in the same manner as sighing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it when the depth of breathing or volume of snoring gradually increases and then decreases and is followed by an apnea period? |
|
Definition
| Crescendo-decrescndo Breathing 869 |
|
|
Term
| How long will the apneic period last in Cheyne-Stokes respirations in a patient with a severe brain injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a fast way to begin forming an early impression of the patient's circulation? |
|
Definition
| Asscessing Skin Color 869 |
|
|
Term
| What is the hemoglobin level of a healthy adult? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With normal hemoglobin levels, when will a person begin to exhibit the blue discoloration of cyanosis? |
|
Definition
| About 5 g/dL is Desaturated 869 |
|
|
Term
| High levels of methemoglobin derived from nitrates and some toxic exposures may turn the mucous membranes ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What helps paramedics systematically obtain information about the history of present illness and the medical history? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medication dry secretions and should not be taken by people who have asthma and are a common ingredient in many over-the-counter cough and cold medications? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medications are used to suppress coughs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medications can be found in diet pills and caffeine containing products? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medication thins pulmonary secretions so that they can be coughed up? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Any ____ in Pao2 will manifest initially as restlessness, confusion, and, in worst-case scenarios, as combative behavior. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An ____ in Pao2 usually has sedative effects, making the patient sleepy and difficult to rouse. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an early sign of hypoxia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are late signs of hypoxia? |
|
Definition
| Confusion, Lethargy, and Coma 873 |
|
|
Term
| The visible bulging of the jugular veins when a patient is in semi-Fowler's or Fowler's position; indicates inadequate blood movement through the heart and/or lungs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a distended liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can the combination of jugular venous distention and hepatomegaly (distended liver) cause? |
|
Definition
| Right-sided Heart Failure 873 |
|
|
Term
| Pressing gently on the liver will further engorge the juglar veins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vibrations in the chest that can be felt with a hand on the chest as the patient breathes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Weakening or loss of a palpable pulse during inhalation; characteristic of cardiac tamponade and severe asthma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are signs of impending arrest in patients with respiratory diseases? |
|
Definition
| Bradycardia, Hypotension, and Falling Respiratory Rates 874 |
|
|
Term
| Practically speaking, the ____ is the single most important investment a paramedic will make. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the stethoscope is for high-pitched sounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the stethoscope is for low-pitched sounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is excess red blood cell production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term that refers to the detection of ETCO2 to confirm the placement of the ET tube? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a colormetric detector? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is ETCO2 monitoring by mean o a device that measures the actual amount of carbon dioxide during a time and plots the resulting values graphically as a waveform? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The carbon dioxide contained in the last few milliliters of exhaled air; the unit of measurement is a percentage. |
|
Definition
| End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide 876 |
|
|
Term
| What is the percentage of carbon dioxide exhaled through a properly placed ET tube in a normal perfusing patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the tube has been mistakenly place in the esophagus, what is the percentage of carbon dioxide in the exhaled gas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A monitoring method that measures the exhaled carbon dioxide level and displays the value numerically and as a waveform tracing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum flow rate at which a patient can expel air from the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the percentage of oxygen that is received durin an aerosol treatment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a device that collects the medication as it is released from the canister, allowing more to be delivered to the lungs and less to be lost to the environment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is shortness of breath induced by laying flat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is safe to administer oxygen in concentrations less than ___ to almost anyone, and it is appropriate to do so when there is a reasonable chance the patient would benefit from it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oxygen concentrations higher than ___ should be reserved for patients who have hypoxia that does not respond to lower concentrations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ oxygen should be limited to the shortest period necessary. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of the oxygen in the body is bound to hemoglobin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of the oxygen in the body is dissolved in plasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What conditions are bronchodilators ineffective? |
|
Definition
| Pneumonia, Pulmonary Edema, and Heart Disease 882 |
|
|
Term
| What are popular long-acting bronchodilators? |
|
Definition
| salmeterol (Serevent) and cromolyn (Intal, NasalCrom) 882 |
|
|
Term
| What are bronchoconstricting chemicals released during an allergic response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a leukotriene blocker? |
|
Definition
| montelukast (Singulair) 882 |
|
|
Term
| What are aminophylline and theophyline? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is giving by some physicians in devastating asthma attacks as a last ditch effort before intubating? |
|
Definition
| 0.5-2 g of magnesium sulfate 882 |
|
|
Term
| What are used to reduce bronchial swelling (edema)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be caused by long term corticosteroid use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is characterized by the classic moon face and generalized edeam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ and _____ are IV corticosteroid preparations given as an IV bolus, usually fo acute exacerbations of COPD or acute asthma attacks. |
|
Definition
| Methylprednisolone and hydrocortisone 883 |
|
|
Term
| What should you always do before and after giving a fluid bolus to be certain a patient does not become overhydrated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ are used to help reduce blood pressure and to maintain fluid balance in patients who have heart failure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one of the most difficult interventions for a paramedic? |
|
Definition
| Assist breathing for a patient who is already breathing on his own 883 |
|
|
Term
| What are the two different ways that continuous positive airway pressure can be used? |
|
Definition
| Treat ostructive sleep apnea and respiratory failure 883 |
|
|
Term
| What is inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi? |
|
Definition
| Laryngotracheobronchitis 886 |
|
|
Term
| ___ ___ holds that as the diameter of tube decreases, resistance to flow increases exponentially. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A false membrane formed by a dead tissue layer; seen in the posterior pharynx of patients with diphtheria. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the inhalation of anything other than breathable gases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of the lungs from an irritant such as chemical, dust, or radiation, or from aspiration. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ of stomach contents into the lungs has a significantly high mortality rate. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a common cause of aspirated food in older patients? |
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Definition
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Term
| Inflammation of the lung caused by an infectious agent. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most common obstructive airway diseases? |
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Definition
| Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, and Asthma 888 |
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Term
| How many people do emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma affect in the United States? |
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Definition
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Term
| What could be a physical finding of an obstructive airway disease? |
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Definition
| Pursed-lip Breathing, Increased I/E ratio, Abdominal Muscle Use, and JVD 888 |
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Term
| Who was the Greek physician the gave the name to the disease asthma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is characterized by an increased reactivity of the trachea and bronchi to a variety of stimuli? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many people in the United States in the year 2009 reported to have asthma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a severe, prolonged astmatic attack that cannot be stopped with conventional treatments? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who has the fastest-growing asthma rates? |
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Definition
| Children under 5 years 889 |
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Term
| How many people will die from asthma annually? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the overall mortality rate for asthma? |
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Definition
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Term
| A term used to describe any condition that causes hyperreactive bronchioles and bronchospasm. |
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Definition
| Reactive Airway Disease 889 |
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Term
| What is caused by the constriction of smooth muscle that surrounds the larger bronchi in the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic obstuctive pulmonary disease comprises at least two distinct clinical enities: _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis 890 |
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Term
| What is thought to damage or destroy the fragile structure of the terminal bronchioles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is defined as sputum production most days of the month for 3 or more months out of the year for more than 2 years? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is acute left-sided heart failure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a situation in which a person's stimulus to breathe comes from a decrease in Pao2 rather than the normal stimulus, an increase in Paco2? |
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Definition
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Term
| The collaspe of the alveolar air spaces in the lungs. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is coughing up blood in the sputum? |
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Definition
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Term
| The transfer of a disease from one organ or part of the body to another that is not directly connected to the original site; often used to describe a cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| Excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. |
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Definition
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Term
| A device, which opens like a mesh umbrella in the main vein that returns blood to the heart, is intended to catch clots that break loose and travel from the legs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Deep cyanosis of the face and neck and across the chest and back; associated with little or no blood flow; a particularly ominous sign. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an exceptionally large pulmonary embolus that lodges at the bifurcation of the right and left pulmonary arteries and it may be immediately fatal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an exceptionally large pulmonary embolus that lodges at the bifurcation of the right and left pulmonary arteries and it may be immediately fatal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is movement of air in and out of the lungs? |
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Definition
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