Term
| What are the four functions of the respiratory system? |
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Definition
1. Pulmonary ventilation - air in/out of lungs
2. External respiration - oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged between alveoli and blood in lungs
3. Transport of respiratory gases - uses cardiovascular system - lungs and tissues
4. Internal respiration - oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production at the cellular level |
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Term
| What is the difference between the respiratory and conducting zones of the respiratory system? |
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Definition
| Conducting zone provides the passageway for air (nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, larynx, etc.), whereas the respiratory zone is the site of gas exchange. |
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Term
| What important factor do the Type II cells of the alveolar wall secrete? |
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Definition
| Type II alveolar cells secrete pulmonary surfactant to lower surface tension of water and allows the membranes to separate, thereby increasing its ability to exchange gasses. |
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Term
| What are the two phases of breathing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is intrapulmonary pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is intrapulmonary pressure (pressure within alveoli) constant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is intrapleural pressure? |
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Definition
| pressure within pleural cavity |
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Term
| Is intrapleural pressure greater/lesser than intrapulmonary pressure? |
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Definition
| always less than intrapulmonary pressure and atmospheric pressure |
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Term
| What does Boyle's Law tell us? |
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Definition
| If temperature is kept constant, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. |
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Term
| By which two ways is oxygen transported in the blood? |
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Definition
1. Bound to hemoglobin within red blood cells
2. Dissolved in plasma
*** Each hemoglobin molecule binds FOUR oxygen atoms in a rapid and reversible process; the hemoglobin/oxygen combination is known as oxyhemoglobin; hemoglobin that has released oxygen is known reduced hemoglobin |
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Term
| By which three ways can carbon dioxide be transported in the blood? |
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Definition
1. Dissolveed in plasma (7-10%)
2. Chemically bound to hemoglobin - 20% is carried in red blood cells as carbamino hemoglobin
3. Bicarbonate ions in plasma - 70%
***at the tissues, bicarbonate quickly diffuses from red blood cells into the plasma |
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Term
| How is blood pH regulated? |
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Definition
1. The carbonic acid <---> bicarbonate buffer system resists blood pH changes
2. If [H+] in blood beings to rise, escess H+ is removed by combining with bicarbonate ions
3. If [H+] drops, carbonic acid dissociates, thereby releasing H+ |
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