Term
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Definition
| Blood pressure in the aorta |
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Term
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Definition
| The average arterial pressure during the cardiac cycel |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscular, highly elastic. Carries blood from the heart to the arterioles |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscular, well innervated. Smaller than artery. Carries blood from the heart to the capilaries |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin-walled, highly permeable. Smallest blood vessels in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin-walled, larger than capillaries but smaller than arterioles. Formed from network of capillaries and carry blood to veins |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin-walled, fairly muscular, highly distensible. Carry blood from venules back to heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased blood flow to due an increase in metabolic activity |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased blood flow in response to a previous reduction in blood flow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased resistance to blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased resistance to blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in vascular resistance that does not require the action of sympathetic nerves, bloodborne hormones, or other chemical agents |
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Term
| What happens when norpeinephrine binds to alpha adrenergic receptors? |
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Definition
Vasoconstriction
Increase in TPR
Increase in MAP |
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Term
| What happens when epinephrine binds to beta 2 adrenergic receptors? |
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Definition
| Activation of the cAMP second messenger system resulting in vasodilation |
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Term
| Epinephrine has the greatest affinity for which type of receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two hormones regulate arteriolar resistance, cause vasoconstriction and an increase in MAP? |
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Definition
Vasopressin (ADH)
Angiotensin II |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that limits urine output and causes vasoconstriction |
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Term
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Definition
A protein derived from angiotensin in a two step process.
1. Angiotensin is coverted to angiotensin I by renin.
2. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme.
Increases TPR and MAP |
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Term
| What happens when epinephrine binds to alpha adrenergic receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Endothelial cells are joined together with tight junctions, limiting the passage of some molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Endothelial cells possess relatively large pores that allow rapid diffusion of small water-soluble substances. |
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Term
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Definition
| A shift in fluid from plasma to interstitial fluid which causes a swelling of tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| The forces that drive the movement of fluid into and out of capillaries. |
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Term
| Capillary Hyrdrosatatic Pressure |
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Definition
| Due to the hydrostatic pressure of fluid inside the capillary. Moves water across the capillary. Favors filtration |
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Term
| Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure |
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Definition
| Due to the hydrostatic pressure of fluid outside the capillary. Favors absorption |
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Term
| Capillary Osmotic Pressure |
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Definition
| Due to the presence of nonpermeating solutes inside the capillary. Draws fluid into the capillary |
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Term
| Interstitial Fluid Osmotic Pressure |
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Definition
| Due to the presence of nonpermeating solutes outside the capillary. Draws fluid out of the capillary |
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Term
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Definition
| Osmotic pressure that is exerted by proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Difference in the filtration pressures and the absorption pressures that affect the direction of fluid flow across the wall of a capillary. |
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Term
| Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) = |
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Definition
| Filtration pressure (Pcap + pi IF) - absorption pressure (pi cap + P IF) |
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Term
| When the sign of the NFP is positive what occurs? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the sign of the NFP is negative what occurs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which starling forces favor absorption? |
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Definition
| Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure and capillary osmotic pressure |
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Term
| Which starling forces favor filtration? |
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Definition
| Capillary hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid osmotic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid moves from blood to interstitial fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid moves from interstitial fluid to blood |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pooling of blood in the veins |
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Term
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Definition
| A rise in tension that is stimulated by increased contractile activity and the result of acitivity of the sympathetic nervous system |
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Term
| An increase in venomotor tone can lead to ... |
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Definition
| A slight increase in stroke volume and an increase in CO and MAP. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of sensory neuron in blood vessels and the heart that responds to changes in pressure within the cardiovascular system |
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Term
| Arterial baroreceptors can be found where? |
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Definition
| The aortic arch and the carotid sinuses of the carotid arteries. |
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Term
| Arterial baroreceptors respond specifically to what? |
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Definition
| Stretching that occurs during the pressure changes in arteries. |
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