Term
| 1. What were the debates on slavery between the Illinois Republican and Democratic candidates for the U.S. senate that occurred in seven towns from mid-August to mid-October 1858 known as? |
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Definition
| "Lincoln-Douglas Debates" |
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Term
| 2. What was Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois's nickname? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3. In the debates between the two candidates, what did Douglas accuse Lincoln of favoring, and what did Lincoln accuse Douglas of supporting? |
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Definition
| Douglas accused Lincoln of favoring social equality of whites and blacks. Lincoln denied this and accused Douglas of supporting the spread of slavery. |
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Term
| 4. How could the United States be described by 1850? |
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Definition
| much larger nation than 1800.. tripled in size, 31 states, more than half lived west of Appalachian, most rapid urbanization, per capita income had doubled. |
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Term
| 5. What authors were identified with the American Renaissance? |
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Definition
Henry Thoreau
Nathanial Hawthorne
Walt Whitman
Herman Melville
Emily Dickison
Frederick Douglass |
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Term
| 6. Who was the author of Walden, and what was the book about? |
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Definition
| Henry Thoreau; consequence of the market (industrial) revolution |
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Term
| 7. Who wrote Moby Dick, and what was it about? |
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Definition
| Herman Melville; study of nature of good and evil |
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Term
| 8. What was one of the best-selling novels in American history, who wrote it, and what did it critique? |
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Definition
| Uncle Tom's Cabin; Harriet Beecher Stowe; critiqued slave societies |
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Term
| 9. What main characters appear in Uncle Tom's cabin? |
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Definition
Uncle Tom: slave, Christ-like figure
Simon Legree: white overseer, cruel
Eliza: slave mother, escaped
Eva: white child, close to Uncle Tom |
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Term
| 10. What does the map of the U.S. population and settlement in 1850 show? |
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Definition
most of U.S. east of Indian Territory had more than 6 people per square mile
least pop. east of Mississippi is Florida
N. Wisconsin, N. Michigan- fewer than 2 people per square mile
N. Maine- scarcely populated- less than 2 people per square mile |
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Term
| 11. What does the map of the Compromise of 1850 show in regard to the Mexican-American War? |
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Definition
| it shows that territories obtained after the Mexican-American War: Utah territory, New Mexico territory, part of Texas, all of Arkansas |
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Term
| 12. What are examples of how national organizations were breaking into sectional parts by 1860? |
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Definition
| Methodist (1844), Baptist (1845), Presbyterian (1847) split in North and South. American Party (political party) split over immigration |
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Term
| 13. What did John C. Calhoun argue in the debate preceding the Compromise of 1850? |
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Definition
-territories were the common property of each of the states
-Congress could not discriminate against slave owners
-said that Constitution protected a persons right to property everywhere
-State's Rights Doctrine as legit defense of minority rights.. Congress didn't have right to prohibit slavery in territory |
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Term
| 14. Who made up the older generation of sectional leaders who played a final role in the debates of 1850? |
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Definition
Daniel Webster of the North
Henry Clay of the West
John C. Calhoun of the South |
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Term
| 15. Why did the belief, that there was a southern slave-owner conspiracy to make the entire country a slave country, spread among Northerners in the 1850s? |
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Definition
| South- defensive, wanted equality in Senate and a veto presidential candidates |
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Term
| 16. What does the emergence of the Free Soil Party in 1848 suggest in regard to its supporters? |
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Definition
| they were advocating rights of nonslave holding whites |
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Term
| 17. What did Senator Seward of New York argue in regard to slavery? |
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Definition
| slavery was morally wrong; intellectually severcive |
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Term
| 18. What did Southerners argue in support of the slave system? |
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Definition
| slavery promoted democracy by ensuring the vote to the qualified people- argued slavery was the economic engine that had created national prosperity and that slavery offered a lifetime net of paternalistic benevolence of the workers (slaves). Southern slave owners said that slavery was a blessing to an inferior race |
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Term
| 19. What did the Compromise of 1850 include? |
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Definition
-California came in as a free state
-Other southwest territories were to be settled by popular sovereignty
-A stronger fugitive slave law was enacted
-The slave trade was outlawed in Washington, D.C.
-The Texas-New Mexico border dispute was settled
-Texas ceded lands to New Mexico Territory so that the government would pay for the $10 million of debt for Texas |
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Term
| 20. Which president died suddenly during the debate over the Compromise of 1850? |
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Definition
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Term
| 21. What law of 1850, promised in the Compromise of 1850, put the full authority of the federal government behind southern efforts to capture escaped slaves? |
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Definition
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Term
| 22. What former slave was involved in the most famous case of failed resistance to the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law? |
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Definition
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Term
| 23. What impact did the Fugitive Slave Law have on blacks and on northern whites, and how rigorously did the federal government enforce it? |
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Definition
-enforced it rigorously
-drove many blacks to flee to Canada
-it wasn't safe to escape to North (mistake identity)
-captured slaves/blacks didn't have right to lawyer, they were at mercy of slave capturer |
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Term
| 24. Who was the last presidential candidate the Whigs ever had? |
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Definition
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Term
| 25. Why was the election of 1852 important? |
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Definition
| disagreement at conventions showed that the parties were growing weaker |
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Term
| 26. Why did Franklin Piere win the election of 1852? |
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Definition
-Southern Whigs voted for Piere because they disapproved of their candidate
-urban machines in North tuned out immigrant vote
-Democrats promised to enforce Fugitive Slave Law
-Piere had sympathies with the South |
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Term
| 27. What was the Ostend Manifesto? |
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Definition
-document composed of 3 of our ambassadors: Piere Soule, James Buchanan, John Mason "if Spain did not sell Cuba to US, we would take it"
-Antislavery people thought this territory was going to become slavery territory |
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Term
| 28. The efforts of Commodore Matthew Perry led to an 1854 treaty that opened trade with what previously isolationist Asian nation? |
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Definition
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Term
| 29. What events were representative of the expansionist sentiments of the Pierce administration? |
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Definition
-attempt to obtain Cuba, potential take over of the Nicaragua government by William Walker
-acquisition of the Gatson purchase of Mexico
-1854 trade agreement with Japan |
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Term
| 30. What legislation, sponsored by Stephen A. Douglas, in effect repealed the Missouri Compromise in return for southern support for a transcontinental railroad to be built west of Chicago? |
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Definition
| Kansas-Nebraska Act (Nebraska territory: Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota) |
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Term
| 31. What political party was organized partly because of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? |
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Definition
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Term
| 32. Who were the "Border ruffians?" |
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Definition
| Missourians who crossed into Kansas to cause fraudulent ballots and promote pro slavery |
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Term
| 33. To what does the term "Bleeding Kansas" refer? |
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Definition
| violence and killing between the pro-slavery and the anti-slavery forces that became open warfare in 1856 |
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Term
| 34. Who intentionally contributed to the rising violence in Kansas? |
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Definition
-John Brown and his followers
-those who voted fraudulently
-eastern supporters
-Senator David Atchison of Missouri |
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Term
| 35. What situation showed how violent sectional feelings could become? |
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Definition
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Term
| 36. Who were the Know-Nothing, and how did they get that name? |
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Definition
| popular name for American Party who belonged to secret Protestant fraternal organizations |
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Term
| 37. What does the term Nativism refer to in the 1850s? |
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Definition
| refers to fear and hatred of immigrants |
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Term
| 38. Why did the American Party develop? |
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Definition
-partly because of breakup of Whig party
-belief that immigrants were responsible for highering crime rates
-belief that Catholics were against reform and controlled by pope
-Irish immigrants support of the Democrats |
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Term
| 39. Who were the presidential candidates in the 1856 election? |
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Definition
-James Buchanan: democratic candidate
-John C. Fremont: republican candidate
-Milard Filmore: American party/Know-Nothing candidate |
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Term
| 40. Why did James Buchanan become the Democratic Party's candidate in 1856? |
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Definition
| He was ambassador to Great Britain so he was out of the country and never took a stance on the Kansas-Nebraska Act. He was a Northerner but he agreed with the South |
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Term
| 41. Why was the election of 1856 actually two elections? |
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Definition
| 1 in the North, 1 in the South. Fremont was only on 4 ballots of states in the South because the Republican Party didn't want slavery to spread into new territories |
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Term
| 42. Who beat Charles Sumner senseless on the Senate floor in 1856? |
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Definition
| Congressman Preston Brooks |
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Term
| 43. What resulted from the Dred Scott decision? |
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Definition
-Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
-The decision raised the Northern fear that slavery would become the national norm
-The decision made Southerners feel that their view on slavery was the correct one
-The national government could not interfere with the movement of property throughout territories |
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Term
| 44. What was the state constitution of Kansas, under which the pro-slavery territorial government applied for admission to the Union in 1857, known as? |
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Definition
| The Lecompton Constitution |
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Term
| 45. What resulted from the application if the doctrine of popular sovereignty in Kansas? |
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Definition
-produced 2 territorial governments (1 proslavery, 1 antislavery)
-bogus proslavery constitution |
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Term
| 46. What convinced the South that its system was superior? |
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Definition
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Term
| 47. What resulted from John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry? |
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Definition
-Brown was captured by Robert E. Lee: he was taken as prisoner and then killed
-made Brown a martyr in the North
-fear of slave rebellion
-convinced many Southerners that succession was the only possible response
-8 of his men died during the actual raid |
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Term
| 48. Who were the elite "Secret Six" who provided John Brown with financial support? |
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Definition
-Theodore Parker
-Thomas Wintworth Higginson
-Samuel Gridley Howe
-George Sterns
-Gerrit Smith
-Franklin Sanborn |
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Term
| 49. What does the map titled "The South Secedes" show? |
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Definition
-states of Lower South succeeded before the fall of Fort Sumter
-states of Upper South (Arkansas, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee) succeeded after the fall of Fort Sumter
-4 border states (Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky) did not succeed
-No pockets of resistance in North Carolina |
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Term
| 50. To what does the term "irrepressible conflict" refer? |
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Definition
| Civil War was unavoidable (William Seward) |
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Term
| 51. What does the map of the election of 1860 show? |
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Definition
-shows John C. Breckinridge (Southern Democratic candidate) won the deep South
-Stephen A. Douglas was Northern Democratic candidate
-John Bell was the Constitutional Union Party candidate and won 3 states in the Upper South
-Abraham Lincoln was the Republican Candidate and he won 5 states that Republican party had lost in 1856. he became president |
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Term
| 52. Who was the only national candidate in the election of 1860? |
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Definition
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Term
| 53. What did the Republican platform of 1860 include? |
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Definition
-support for Homestead Act, free Western land
-protective tariff
-no extended slavery in the North
-other internal improvement- Morrill Landgrant Act |
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Term
| 54. What was the first state to secede on December 20, 1860? |
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Definition
-South Carolina
-Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas followed suit in the next 6 weeks and succeeded |
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Term
| 55. How were Southerners divided when the southern states began to secede? |
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Definition
| They were divided by up country (mountainous) and low country (close to ocean) |
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Term
| 56. When the Lower South seceded, what did Lincoln believe he should do? |
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Definition
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Term
| 57. What does the constitution of the Confederate States of America suggest in regard to the primary reason that the South seceded? |
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Definition
-preserve/protect slavery
-Montgomery, Alabama was capital of South
-identical to the Union's constitution, but it supported state rights and make abolition nearly impossible |
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Term
| 58. What was the strategy of the Confederates at the Montgomery convention? |
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Definition
-chose moderates as leaders
-Jefferson David was president
-Alexander Stephens was vice president |
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Term
| 59. What do the days surrounding Lincoln's inauguration show? |
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Definition
| That he did not want to go to war but would if it was necessary |
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