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| group of people who give their lives to serve the CHurch as priests, monks, and higher church officials. |
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| Visited Charlemagne in 799; crowned Charlemagne emperor |
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| thought that the pope alone had the power to choose bishops and had supreme power; excommunicated Henry IV |
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| didn't thing that Popes had supreme power and named his own bishop; tried to remove Gregory as pope which resulted in being excommunicated |
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| exclude a person from a church or religious community |
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| led the Normans in attack against English; they won; crowned king of England; introduced a strong feudal system to England |
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| claimed the throne after William the Conqueror; raised taxes to create an army, which angered the barons; signed the Magna Carta |
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| body of law that has developed from customs and from judges' decisions rather than laws passed by a law-making assembly |
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| a court order to bring an arrested person before a judge or court |
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| an assembly of representitives who make laws |
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| a religious person who travels to a holy place or shrine |
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| belief that is rejected by official Church doctrine |
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| a Church court designed to investigate and judge heretics |
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| The movement to drive the Muslims from Spain; aka Reconquest |
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| husband of Isabella; their marriage united Spain's largest Christian kingdoms; they concentrated on conquering Granada |
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| Wife of Ferdinand; their marriage united Spain's largest Christian kingdoms; they concentrated on conquering Granada |
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