Term
4 types of leader behavior:
role classification leadership
supportive leadership
participative leadership
autocratic leadership
All part of what theory? |
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Definition
| path-goal theory of leadership |
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Term
| A measure of a person's potential to get others to do what he or she wants them to do, as well as to avoid being forced by others to do what he or she does not want to do. |
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Definition
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Term
| A person who described a least preferred co-worker in fairly favorable terms was presumed to be motivated to have close interpersonal relations with others-Fiedler classified these leaders as what? |
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Definition
| relationship-motivated leaders |
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Term
| Ability to influence people to willingly follow one's guidance or adhere to one's decisions. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the Univ of Michigan studies, Managers of high producing work groups showed they liked to give General or close supervision to employees? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the Univ of Michigan studies, Managers of high producing work groups showed they were were employee oriented or production oriented? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the Univ of Michigan studies, Supervisors of low-producing work groups were had which type of orientation? employee-oriented or production-oriented? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the Univ of Michigan studies,Supervisors of low-producing work groups gave which type of supervision? Close supervision or General Supervision? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the book The Leadership Challenge by James Kouzes and Barry Posner published in 2006, the majority of people believe a leader must be ___? Name the four qualities. |
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Definition
1) honest
2) forward-looking
3) competent
(4) inspiring |
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Term
| All 3 forces involved in finding the most effective leadership style are dependent or independent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do Tannenbaum and Schmit's forces affecting leadership situations differ in strength and interaction in differing situations or are they the same in all situations? |
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Definition
| The differ in strength and interaction in differing situations. |
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Term
| Fiedler's Classification of Situations uses 3 dimensions and how many celled classification schemes? |
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Definition
3 dimensions (leader-member relations), task-structure, & position power)
8 cells (1-8 from good to poor, structured to unstructured, and strong to weak) |
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Term
| For effective leadership, subordinates have differing preferences regarding the degree of consideration and initiating structure exhibited by their managers. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| For effective leadership, when the manager is the only source for subordinates regarding their tasks, they often expect the manager to ___what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fred Fiedler looked at the situations leaders were operating and developed a measurement from favorable-unfavorable continuum based on 3 major dimensions and called "Fiedler's Classification of Situations". What were the names of the 3 major dimensions on the continuum? |
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Definition
Leader-member relations
task structure
Position Power |
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Term
| High consideration and initiating structure DO NOT provide a successful leadership style. t or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| High producing work groups showed they Liked or Disliked the amount of authority they had in their job? |
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Definition
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Term
| High producing work groups showed they like to receive General or Close Supervision from their supervisors? |
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Definition
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Term
| High scores for Consideration / ldr effectiveness for Lg firm mgrs and office staff and low for effectiveness for production foreman. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
If the group members are like this, which leadership style is being used?
-No responsibility is assumed for performance-they just do what they are told
-Production is good when the leader is present, but poor in the leader's absence |
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Definition
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Term
| In Fred Fiedler's Leadership Style and Leadership Situations matrix, in both highly favorable and highly unfavorable situations, a what leader was found to be more effective? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard's situational leadership theory, how it the maturity level of the followers determined? |
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Definition
| By their relative independence, their ability to take responsibility, and their achievement-motivation level. |
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Term
| In effective leadership who often sets preferences regarding the leadership styles employed by lower-level managers? |
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Definition
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Term
| In moderately favorable situations, a ___ what leader was found to be more effective under the contingency approach? |
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Definition
| relationship-motivated leader was found to more effective inn moderately favorable situations. |
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Term
| In the Managerial Grid by Blake and Mouton, in the bottom right left corner, the style is what" (# and name)?-assumes that efficiency in operations results from properly arranging the conditions at work with minimum interference from other people. This is the opposite of country club management. |
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Definition
| (9,1) Authority-obedience |
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Term
| In the Managerial Grid by Blake and Mouton, in the lower left corner, the style is what" (# and name)? -Exertion of minimum effort to get required work done is appropriate to sustain organizational membership. |
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Definition
| (1,1) Impoverished management |
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Term
| In the Managerial Grid by Blake and Mouton, in the upper left corner, the style is what" (# and name)? Proper attention to human needs leads to a comfortable organizational atmosphere and workplace. |
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Definition
| (1,9) Country Club Management |
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Term
| In the Managerial Grid by Blake and Mouton, in the upper right corner, the style is what" (# and name)?-combines a high degree of concern for people with a high degree of concern for production |
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Definition
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Term
| In the book, The Leadership Challenge, Kouzes/Posner, what 2 leadership traits are referred to as the First Laws of Leadership? |
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Definition
| Credibility and Integrity |
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Term
| In the middle of the Managerial Grid by Blake and Mouton is which style of management (# and name)? -Adequate organization performance is possible through balancing the necessity to get out work with maintaining morale of people at a satisfactory level. |
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Definition
| (5,5) Organization man management |
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Term
| Leader behavior of showing concern for individual group members and satisfying their needs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Leaders scoring high on consideration tends to have more satisfied subordinates than do leaders scoring low on consideration. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| Managers of high producing work groups showed they liked to spend more time doing what? |
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Definition
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Term
| One who obtains followers and influences them in setting and achieving objectives. |
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Definition
|
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Term
PGT=RCSPA
what does this acronym stand for? |
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Definition
| path goal theory=role classification, supportive, participative, & autocratic |
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Term
| Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard include ______what of the followers an an important factor in leader behavior. |
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Definition
| maturity of the followers |
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Term
| People want leaders to be honest, forward-looking, competent, and inspiring, but above all they want leaders who are what? |
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Definition
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Term
| People who rejected co-workers with whom they had difficulties were presumed to be motivated to accomplish or achieve a task were classified as what kind of leaders? |
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Definition
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Term
| Questionnaire developed by Ohio State students to determine what a successful leader does regardless of the type of group being led. |
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Definition
| LBDQ Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire |
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Term
| Researchers have found that the most effective leaders are alike in one crucial way. What? |
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Definition
| They all have a high degree of EI-emotional intelligence |
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Term
| Robert Blake and Jane Mouton developed a two-dimensional framework rating a leader on the basis of concern for people and concern for production. What is it called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Robert Tannenbaum and Warren Schmidt contend that _____? |
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Definition
| different combinations of situational elements require different styles of leadership. |
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Term
| Some managers can adjust their behavior to fit the situation, while others, in attempting to make this adjustment, appear to be fake and manipulative. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| System 1 -New Patterns of Management by Rensis Likert which is authoritarian form of management that attempts to exploit subordinates is called what? |
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Definition
| Exploitative authoritative |
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Term
| System 2 -New Patterns of Management by Rensis Likert which is authoritarian form of management, but paternalistic in nature, is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| System 3 -New Patterns of Management by Rensis Likert which is when manager requests and receives inputs from subordinates but maintains the right to make the final decision is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| System 4 -New Patterns of Management by Rensis Likert which is when the manager gives some direction, but the decisions are made by consensus and majority, based on total participation is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tannenbaum and Schmit's forces affecting leadership situations-One style of leadership is not effective in all situations. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tannenbaum and Schmit's forces affecting leadership situations-The Continuum of behavior matrix on 322 has what 2 areas shown at each end (1 on right and 1 on left? |
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Definition
Use of authority by manager on left
Area of freedom for subordinates on right |
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Term
| Tannenbaum and Schmit's forces affecting leadership situations-There is a continuum of behaviors that a leader may employ, depending on the situation. Successful leaders are aware of the forces most relevant to their behavior at a given time. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tannenbaum and Schmit's forces affecting leadership situations-Which force deals with the need for independence, amount of direction, readiness to assume responsibility, tolerance for ambiguity, interest and perceived importance of the problem, degree of understanding and identification with goals,degree of expectation to share in decision making? |
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Definition
| Forces in the subordinates |
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Term
| Tannenbaum and Schmit's forces affecting leadership situations-Which force has to do with: the type of organization, centralized vs. decentralized, work group effectiveness, how effectively the group works together, the problem itself, workgroup's knowledge and experience relative to the problem, time pressure, demands from upper mgmt, or demands from govt, unions, society in general? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tannenbaum and Schmit's forces affecting leadership situations-Which force is authoritarian vs. participative? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tannenbaum and Schmit's forces affecting leadership situations-Which of the forces deal with: Value system, how the manager feels about delegating, degree of confidence in subordinates, personal leadership inclinations, and feelings of security in uncertain situations? |
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Definition
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Term
| The activities in the Managerial Grid are closely related to what? |
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Definition
| leader activities from The Ohio State studies consideration and initiating structure. |
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Term
| The book New Patterns of Management by Rensis Likert said that there are how many patterns or styles of leadership or management employed by organizations? |
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Definition
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Term
| The goal of the Managerial Grid by Blake and Mouton is intended to serve as a framework to learn what their leadership style is and to develop a plan to move toward a (9,9) team management style of leadership. T or F? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The relationship between a leader's expectations and the resulting performance of subordinates. |
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Definition
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Term
| The relationship between leader consideration and leader effectiveness depends on the group being led. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| The right to issue directives and expend resources, related to power but narrower in scope. |
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Definition
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Term
| The what ____basically postulates that what a manager expects of subordinates and the way he or she treats subordinates influence their performance and career progress? |
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Definition
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Term
| There is no consistent relationship between initiating structure and leader effectiveness. The relationship depends on the group being led. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| This refers to whether leadership is to be studied as a set of traits or as a set of behaviors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of leader behavior developed by Robert House that comes from a leader who gives orders that are not to be questioned by subordinates? |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of leader behavior developed by Robert House that has a friendly, approachable leader who attempts to make the work environment more pleasant for subordinates. |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of leader behavior developed by Robert House that involves consulting with subordinates and asking for their suggestions in the decision-making process. |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of leader behavior developed by Robert House that lets subordinates know what is expected of them, gives guidance as to what should be done and how, schedules and coordinates work among the subordinates, and maintains definite standards of performance. |
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Definition
| Role classification leadership |
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Term
| Under emergency or high-pressure situations, emphasis should be on ____ which is desirable and often preferred by subordinates? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Under this theory by Robert House, each of the leadership behaviors results in different levels of performance and subordinate satisfaction, depending on the structure of the work tasks. |
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Definition
| path-goal theory of leadership |
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Term
| What 2 theories are alike in that the leader behaviors can either increase or decrease employee expectancies? |
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Definition
path-goal theory of leadership
expectancy theory of motivation |
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Term
| What University studied principles contributing both tho the productivity of a group and to the satisfaction derived by group members and what company did they study? |
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Definition
| University of Michigan and for Prudential Ins co in Newark NJ. |
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Term
| What approach to leadership is used when the Leader behavior influences the motivation of subordinates when it makes the satisfaction of their needs contingency on successful performance and also provides the guidance, support, and rewards needed for effective performance? |
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Definition
| The path-goal approach to leadership |
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Term
| What are 2 basic leader personality traits as defined by Fred Fiedler? |
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Definition
| task and relationship motivation |
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Term
| What are Robert Tannenbaum's and Warren Schmidt's 3 important factors or forces involved in finding the most effective leadership style? |
|
Definition
forces in the manager
the subordinate
the situation |
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Term
| What are the 2 attitude profiles? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the 2 leadership behaviors that emerged consistently in the LBDQ questionnaire? |
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Definition
| consideration and initiating structure |
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Term
| What are the 3 basic leadership styles? |
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Definition
| autocratic, laissez-faire, and democratic |
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Term
| What are the 5 basic styles of management shown in the Managerial Grid by Blake and Mouton? |
|
Definition
(9,1)Authority-obedience
(1,9)Country club managment
(9,9) Team Management
(1,1) Impoverished Management
(5,5) organization man management |
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Term
| What are the sources of power in organizations? There are 5 CRELR |
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Definition
coercive, referent, expert, legitimate, reward
The coercive, referent, expert gets legitimate, reward in POWER. |
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Term
| What attempts to define the relationships between a leader's behavior and the subordinates' performance and work activities? |
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Definition
| Path-goal theory of leadership |
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Term
| What did Fred Fiedler use to measure whether a person is a task or relationship oriented leader? |
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Definition
| LPC least preferred co-worker scale |
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Term
| What did the Michigan studies or Blake and Mouton not address in their work? |
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Definition
| What the manager should do in particular situations or offer guidance for daily leadership situations. |
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Term
What does this refer to?
Refers to what characteristics the leader possesses. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What involves the ability to monitor our own and others' emotions and to use the information to guide our thinking and actions? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is an approach to the analysis of leadership based on how leaders and followers influence one another? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the approach that refers to whether leadership is studied from a universal or contingent approach? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the leader behavior of structuring the work of group members and directing the group toward the attainment of the group's goals. |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the leadership based on the belief that the leader exists to meet the needs of the people who he/she nominally leads? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the main difference between the 3 leadership styles? |
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Definition
| where the decision-making function rests |
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Term
| What is the real value of Douglas McGregor's work on Theory X and Y? |
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Definition
| Idea that a leader's attitude toward human nature has a large influence on how that person behaves as a leader. |
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Term
What is this an example of?
If a manager's expectations are high, productivity is likely to be high and if low, productivity is likely to be poor? |
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Definition
| self-fulfilling prophecy or Pygmalion in management |
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Term
| What page in the text book are the matrices for Fred Fiedler's Leadership Style and Leadership Situations and classification of situations matrix? |
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Definition
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Term
| What refers to the ability to generate, recognize, express, understand, and evaluate the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups? |
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Definition
| Emotional intelligence (EI) |
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Term
| What refers to what the leader does? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What style of leadership is most effective in particular situations? |
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Definition
| Contingency approach to leadership |
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Term
| What theory of leadership emphasizes what the leader is like rather than what the leader does? |
|
Definition
| Trait theory of leadership |
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Term
| What theory of leadership examines personality traits and physical characteristics to differentiate leaders? |
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Definition
| Trait theory of leadership |
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Term
| What theory proposes that as the followers progress from immaturity to maturity, the leader's behavior should move from (1) high task-low relationships to (2) high task-high relationships to (3) low task-high relationships to (4) low task-low relationships. |
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Definition
| The situational leadership theory |
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Term
| What was Robert House attempting to define when he developed the Path-goal theory of leadership? |
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Definition
| the relationships between a leader's behavior and the subordinates' performance and work activities. |
|
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Term
Which Leadership style is this?
-He/she has no confidence in his/her leadership ability
-Does not set goals for the group |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Which approach does the leader (manager):
(1) tells employees what they need to do to obtain rewards
(2) takes correction action only when employees fail to meet performance objectives |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which approach is leadership viewed as either a transactional or transformational process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which approach is this?
Assumes there is one best way to lead regardless of the circumstances? |
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Definition
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Term
Which approach is this?
The best approach to leadership is contingent on the situation. |
|
Definition
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Term
| Which approach to leadership defines 2 basic styles of leadership-task motivated and relationship motivated? |
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Definition
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Term
Which attitude profile is this?
Because of their dislike of work, most people must be coeerced, controlled, directed, or threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort toward the achievement of organizational objectives. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which attitude profile is this?
Commitment to objectives is a function of the rewards associated with their achievement. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which attitude profile is this?
External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means for bringing about effort toward organizational objectives. Workers will exercise self-direction and self-control in the service of objectives to which they are committed. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which attitude profile is this?
The average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if possible. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which attitude profile is this?
The average human being learns, under proper conditions, not only to accept but to see responsibility. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which attitude profile is this?
The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above all. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which attitude profile is this?
The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity, and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which attitude profile is this?
The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which attitude profile is this?
Under the conditions of modern industrial live, the intellectual potentialities of the average human being are only partially utilized. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which leadership approach is when leaders engage in a bargaining relationship with their followers? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which leadership believes that the business exists as much to provide meaningful work to employees as sit does to provide a quality product or service to the customer? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which leadership goes beyond transaction with their followers and transform not only the situation but also the followers? |
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Definition
| Transformational leadership |
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Term
Which leadership has the characteristics:
Supervise people who must comply with their directives
rely entirely on their formal authority to manage people
prefer low-risk situations
seek to maintain the status quo "don't rock the boat"
lack charisma
overly concerned with rules, policies, and procedures
orientation is towards "activities" viewed as ends not means
excessive emphasis on "control", micromanaging, discipline, coercion, and threats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which leadership involves cultivating employee acceptance of the group mission? |
|
Definition
| Transformational leadership |
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|
Term
Which leadership is characterized by:
Create a vision of the future
Followers are committed to leader's vision
change agents, innovative, continuous search for opportunities
lead by example
charismatic
sensitive to followers' needs
builds teams and creates environment of collaboration
views themselves as responsible for the organization climate
pg 324 |
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Definition
| Transformational leadership |
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Term
Which leadership style is being used when the group is like this?
-Decisions are made by whoever in the group is willing to do it.
-Productivity generally is low and work is sloppy
-Individuals have little interest in their work.
-Morale and teamwork generally are low. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which leadership style is being used when the members:
-New ideas are welcomed
-A feeling of responsibility is developed within the group
-Quality of work and productivity generally are high
-the group generally feels successful |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which leadership style is most effective in particular situations? |
|
Definition
| contingency approach to leadership |
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Term
Which leadership style is this when the leader:
Is conscious of his/her position
has little trust/faith in members of group
believes pay is just reward or only motivating reward
orders issued to be carried out with no questions or explanations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which leadership style is this?
-Decision making is shared between the leader and the group.
-When the leader is required or forced to make a decision, his/her reasoning is explained to the group.
-Criticism and praise are given objectively. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which leadership takes fulfillment of follower needs as the primary aim? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Which one of Fred Fiedler's classifications of situations refer to the degree others trust and respect the leader and to the leader's friendliness? This compares somewhat to referent power. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one of Fred Fiedler's classifications of situations refers to the degree in which job tasks are structured? (Assembly line jobs are more structured than managerial jobs.) |
|
Definition
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Term
| Which one of Fred Fiedler's classifications of situations refers to the power and influence that go with the job? This compares to coercive, reward, and legitimate power. |
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Definition
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Term
Which theory is this?
Stressed what the leader was like rather than what the leader did? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which type of leader allows people within the group to make all decisions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of leader behavior of the path-goal theory of leadership by Robert House brings the most satisfaction to those who work on highly structured tasks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of leader behavior of the path-goal theory of leadership by Robert House enhances performance and satisfaction for subordinates engaged in ambiguous tasks? |
|
Definition
| Paticipative leader behavior |
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Term
| Which type of leader behavior of the path-goal theory of leadership by Robert House has a negative effect on both satisfaction and performance in both structured and unstructured task situations? |
|
Definition
| Autocratic leadership behavior |
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Term
| Which type of leader behavior of the path-goal theory of leadership by Robert House leads to high satisfaction and performance for subordinates engaged in unstructured tasks? |
|
Definition
| Role clarification (classification) |
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Term
| Which type of leader guides and encourages the group to make decisions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of leader makes most decisions for the group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of leadership should leaders try to achieve using the Managerial Grid by Blake and Mouton? (#, name, & position on grid) |
|
Definition
| (9,9) Team Management Top Right |
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|
Term
| Which type of theory would a leader use if they were more authoritarian |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who developed the Path-goal theory of leadership? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who developed the attitude profiles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who developed the situational leadership theory? |
|
Definition
| Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard |
|
|
Term
| Who was one of the first to study using the contingency approach using the match between the leader's personality and the situation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who/What said that an the manager should be employee oriented rather than production oriented? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who/what said that managers should be concerned for both production and people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| according to the ____what theory, as the level of maturity of followers increases, structure (task) should be reduced while socioemotional support (relationship) should first be increased and then gradually decreased. |
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Definition
| situational leadership theory |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| another word for self-fulfilling prophecy |
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Definition
|
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