Term
| What does the ANS consist of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of the Motor Neurons within the ANS? |
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Definition
Innervate smooth and cardiac muscle and glands
Make adjustments to ensure optimal support for body activities |
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Term
| How do the Motor Neurons of the ANS operate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the common effectors of the Motor Neurons of the ANS? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands |
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Term
| Efferent Pathways of the Somatic Motor system: Composition |
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Definition
| Heavily myelinated axons extend from the CNS to the effector (skeletal muscle). Two-neuron chain system which synapse into a ganglion peripheral to the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| mass of neural tissue composed of cell bodies |
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Term
| Axons of the ANS: Composition |
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Definition
| Two-neuron chain. Preganglionic and post ganglionic. |
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Term
| ANS preganglion neuron: composition |
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Definition
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Term
| ANS postganglionic neuron: composition |
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Definition
| Unmyelinated axon that ends to an effector organ |
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Term
| All somatic motor neurons release... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Neurotransmitter effects in the ANS: Step 1 |
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Definition
| Preganglion fibers release ACh |
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Term
| Neurotransmitter effects in the ANS: Step 2 |
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Definition
| Postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine or ACh and the effect is either stimulatory or inhibitory |
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Term
| Neurotransmitter effects in the ANS: Step 3 |
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Definition
| ANS effect on the target organ is dependent upon the neurotransmitter released and the receptor type of the effector |
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Term
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Definition
| Sympathetic, Parasympathetic |
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Term
| Origins of Fibers: Sympathetic |
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Definition
| Thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord |
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Term
| Origins of fibers: Parasympathetic |
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Definition
| Brain and sacral spinal cord |
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Term
| Length of fibers: Sympathetic |
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Definition
| Short preganglionic, and long postganglionic |
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Term
| Length of fibers: Parasympathetic |
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Definition
| Long preganglionic, short postganglionic |
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Term
| Location of ganglia: Sympathetic |
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Definition
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Term
| Location of ganglia: Parasympathetic |
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Definition
| In the visceral effector organs |
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Term
| Parasympathetic (Craniosacral) Division Outflow: Cranial Nerves |
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Definition
Oculomotor, III
Facial, VII
Glossopharyngeal, IX
Vagus X |
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Term
| Parasympathetic (Craniosacral) Division Outflow: Sacral |
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Definition
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Term
| Cranial Outflow: Oculomotor, III: Terminal Ganglia |
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Definition
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Term
| Cranial Outflow: Oculomotor, III: Effector Organ(s) |
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Definition
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Term
| Cranial Outflow: Facial, VII: Terminal Ganglia |
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Definition
| Pterygopalatine, Submandibular |
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Term
| Cranial Outflow: Facial, VII: Effector Organ(s) |
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Definition
| Salivary, Nasal, and lacrimal glands |
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Term
| Cranial Outflow: Glossopharygneal, IX: Terminal Ganglia |
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Definition
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Term
| Cranial Outflow: Glossopharygneal, IX: Effector Organ(s) |
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Definition
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Term
| Cranial Outflow: Vagus, X: Terminal Ganglia |
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Definition
| Within the walls of target organs |
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Term
| Cranial Outflow: Vagus, X: Effector organ(s) |
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Definition
| Heart, lungs, and most visceral organs |
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Term
| Sacral Outflow: Terminal Ganglia |
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Definition
| Within the walls of target organs |
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Term
| Sacral Outflow: Effector Organ(s) |
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Definition
| Large intestine, urinary bladder, ureters, and reproductive organs |
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Term
| Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar) Division: Location of preganglionic neurons |
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Definition
| Spinal cord segments T1-L2 |
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Term
| Lateral horns of the spinal cord produced by: |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathetic Division: Anatomy with the Spinal Cord |
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Definition
| Preganglionic fibers pass through the white rami communicantes and enter sympathetic trunk (paraveterbral) ganglia |
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Term
| Role of Sympathetic Division |
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Definition
| Mobilizing the body during extreme situations |
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Term
| Role of Parasympathetic division |
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Definition
| Performing maintenance activities and conserves body energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Two divisions counterbalance each other |
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Term
| Role of the Parasympathetic division: |
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Definition
| Keeping body energy use low |
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Term
| Role of the parasympathetic division: D's |
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Definition
| Digestion, defecation, diuresis (urine production) |
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Term
| Role of the Sympathetic Division |
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Definition
| Fight or flight. Promotes adjustments during exercise - blood flow to organs is reduced, flow to muscles is increased |
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Term
| Role of the Sympathetic Division: E's |
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Definition
| exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment |
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Term
| Sympathetic Outflow: Spinal cord segments |
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Definition
T1 through L2
Sympathetic neurons produce the lateral horns of the spinal cord |
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Term
| Sympathetic Trunks and Pathways: How many pathways? |
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Definition
| A preganglionic fiber follows one of three pathways upon entering the paraveretebralganglia |
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Term
| Sympathetic Trunks and Pathways: 1st pathway |
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Definition
| Preganglionic fiber enters the paravertebral ganglia and synapses with the ganglion neuron within the same ganglion |
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Term
| Sympathetic Trunks and Pathways: 2nd pathway |
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Definition
| Preganglionic fiber enters the paravertebral ganglia and ascends or descends the sympathetic chain to synapse in another chain ganglion |
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Term
| Sympathetic Trunks and Pathways: 3rd pathway |
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Definition
| Preganglionic fiber enters the paravertebral ganglia and passes through the chain ganglion and emerge without synapsing |
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Term
| Pathways to the Head: Sympathetic Division |
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Definition
| Preganglionc fibers emerge from T1-T4 and synapse in the superior cervical ganglion |
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Term
| Pathways to the Head: Sympathetic division: Purpose of fibers |
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Definition
| Serve the skin and blood vessels of the head, stimulate dilator muscles of the iris, inhibit nasal and salivary glands |
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Term
| Pathways to the Thorax: Sympathetic Division: Preganglionic Fibers |
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Definition
| Emerge from T1-T6 and synapse in the cervical chain ganglia |
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Term
| Pathways to the Thorax: Sympathetic Division: Postganglionic Fibers |
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Definition
| Emerge from the middle and inferior cervical ganglia and enter nerves C4-C8 |
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Term
| Sympathetic Nerve fibers: Cervical ganglia |
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Definition
| Innervating the heart via the cardiac plexus, as well as innervating the thyroid and the skin |
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Term
| Sympathetic nerve fibers: T1-T6 |
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Definition
| Preganglionic fibers synapse in the nearest chain ganglia |
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Term
| Sympathetic nerve fibers: T1-T6 - Purpose |
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Definition
| Postganglionic fibers directly serve the heart, aorta, lungs, and esophagus |
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Term
| Pathways with Synapses in Collateral Ganglia |
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Definition
| Form thoracic, lumbar, and sacral splanchnic nerves |
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Term
| Pathways to the Abdomen: Nerve origin |
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Definition
| Preganglionic nerves from T5-L2 |
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Term
| Pathways to the Abdomen: Travel and Synapse |
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Definition
| Travel through the thoracic splanschnic nerves and synapse at the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia |
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Term
| Pathways to the Abdomen: Nerve purpose |
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Definition
| Postganglionic fibers serve the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and kidneys |
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Term
| Pathways to the Pelvis: Origin |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathways to the Pelvis: Travel |
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Definition
| Travel via the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves to the inferior mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia |
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Term
| Pathways to the Pelvis: Purpose |
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Definition
| Postganglionic fibers serve the distal half of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the reproductive organs |
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Term
| Pathways with Synapses in the Adrenal Medulla |
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Definition
| Fibers of the thoracic splanchnic nerve pass directly to the adrenal medulla |
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Term
| Pathways with Synapses in the Adrenal Medulla: Stimulation |
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Definition
| Medullary cells secrete norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters and Receptors: Major transmitters of the ANS |
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Definition
| Acetycholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE) |
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Term
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Definition
| All preganglionic axons and all parasympathetic postganglionic axons |
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Term
| What is a Cholinergic fiber? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an Adrenergic fiber? |
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Definition
| sympathetic postganglionic axons that release NE |
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Term
| Neurotransmitter effects depends on what? |
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Definition
| Excitatory or inhibitory depending upon receptor type |
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Term
| What are the two types of Cholinergic (ACh releasing) Receptors? |
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Definition
| Nicotinic and Muscarinic. They are named after drugs that bind to them and mimic ACh effects |
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Term
| Where are nicotinic receptors found on? |
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Definition
Motor end plates (somatic targets)
All ganglion neurons of both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
Hormone-producing cells of the adrenal medulla |
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Term
| Effect of ACh binding to nicotinic receptors is always.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do muscarinic receptors occur on? |
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Definition
| All effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers. |
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Term
| The effect of ACh binding to Muscarinic receptors... |
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Definition
| Can be either inhibitory or excitatory |
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Term
| The effect of ACh binding to muscarinic receptors depends on... |
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Definition
| the receptor type of the target organ |
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Term
| Two types of Adrenergic Receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| How many subclasses of Alpha Adrenergic receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many subclasses of Beta Adrenergic Receptors? |
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Definition
| Three. Beta 1, Beta 2, Beta 3 |
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Term
| Effects of NE binding to Alpha receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| Effects of NE binding to Beta receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Effects of NE binding to Beta receptors, notable exception. |
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Definition
| NE binding to Beta receptors of the heart is stimulatory |
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Term
| OTC drugs for colds, allergies, and nasal congestion |
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Definition
| Stimulate Alpha-adrenergic receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs that attach to B2 receptors to dilate lung bronchioles in asthmatics, other use |
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Term
| Cooperative effects of Divisions |
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Definition
| Control of the external gentialia |
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Term
| Cooperative effects of Divisions: Parasympathetic |
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Definition
| Cause vasodilation; are responsible for erection of the penis or clitoris |
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Term
| Cooperative effects of Divisions: Sympathetic division |
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Definition
| Cause ejaculation of semen in males and reflex contraction of a female's vagina |
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Term
| Unique roles of the sympathetic division |
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Definition
| Adrenal medulla, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, kidneys, and most blood vessels recieve only sympathetic fibers |
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Term
| Unique Roles of the Sympathetic Division: Controls |
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Definition
Thermoregulatory respones to heat.
Metabolic effects: Increases metabolic rates of cells, raises blood glucose levels, mobilizes fats for use as fuels |
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