Term
| What is the Central Nervous System (CNS) composed of? |
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Definition
| The brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| What is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) composed of? |
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Definition
| The cranial nerves, the spinal nerves, and ganglia |
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Term
| The CNS and PNS performs what three general functions? |
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Definition
Collecting information - PNS structures called recpetors detect changes in the interal and external environment and pass them onto the CNS as sensory input.
Processing and evaluating information - the CNS determines what, if any, response is required.
Responding to Information - selecting an appropriate response and initiating a specific nerve impuse called motor output. |
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Term
| What is the the sensory nervous system responsible for? |
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Definition
| recieving sensory information from receptors (PNS) and transmiting this informatio to the CNS. |
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Term
| What are the two components of the sensory nervous system? |
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Definition
the somatic sensory - general somatic senses (touch, pain, vibration, temperature, and proprioception (sensing the position or movement of joints and limbs): voluntary
and the visceral sensory - transmit nerve impuses from blood vessels and viscera to the CNS (includes temperature and stretch of muscle of organ wall): involuntary |
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Term
| What is the motor nervous system responsible for? |
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Definition
| transmitting motor impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands (output with CNS and PNS components). |
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Term
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Definition
| Clusters of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS. Non excitable cells that support and protect the neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Somatic Motor (Somatic Nervous System? ) |
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Definition
- Part of Motor Nervous System
- conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles causing them to contract.
- called voluntary nervous system (contraction under conscious control) |
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Term
| What is the Somatic sensory system? |
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Definition
- Part of Sensory Nervous System
- Recieved sensory information from skin, fascia, joints, skeletal muscles, special senses (touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature, and proprioception) |
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Term
| What is the Visceral sensory system? |
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Definition
- Part of Sensory Nervous System
- transmits nerve impulses from blood vessels and viscera to the CNS. |
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Term
| What is the Automatic motor (Automatic nervous system)? |
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Definition
- Part of Motor Nervous System
- innervates internal organs and regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands without our control. (involuntary nervous system)
- Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
- Neurons transmit information
- structural unit of nervous system
- conduct nerve impulses from one part of body to another. |
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Term
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Definition
- "soma"
- neuron's control center
- responsible for receiving, integrating and sending nerve impulses
- enclosed by plasma membrane containing cytoplasma surrounding nucleus. |
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Term
| What is a chromatophilic Substance? |
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Definition
free and bound ribosomes producing proteins, also called Nissl bodies.
Dendrites, cell bodies, and chromatophilic substance account for the gray color of gray matter. |
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Term
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Definition
Dendrites collect information
shorter, smaller processes that branch off a cell body.
- conduct nerve impulses toward the cell body |
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Term
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Definition
Neurons have one axon or no axon (anaxonic).
Axons transmit output information to other cells.
Connected to cell body via axon hillock (lacks chromatophilic substance) |
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Term
| What is an axon collateral |
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Definition
| mylenated side branches of an axon |
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Term
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Definition
| fine terminal extensions or axon terminals which end in synaptic knobs |
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Term
| What is a unipolar neuron |
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Definition
Form a T. Dendrites, peripheral process, cell body, central process, CNS.
Most sensory neurons of the PNS are unipolar. |
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Term
| What is the peripheral process |
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Definition
| Region from the dendrite to the cell body |
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Term
| What is the central process |
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Definition
| region from the cell body into the CNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| has two neuron process that extend from the cell body. (no T, straight line)Contains one axon and one dendrite. Uncommon in humans but found in nose and retina. |
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Term
| What is a multipolar neuron |
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Definition
| Most common. Many dendrites and single axon extending from cell body. Ex. motor neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Afferent neuron, transmit nerve impulses from sensory receptors to CNS. Specifically detect changes to environment, stimuli. Mostly unipolar. Housed in posterior dorsal root ganglia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Efferent neuron (causing effect)transmit nerve impulses from CNS to muscles (causing contraction) or glands. multipolar |
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Term
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Definition
Located within the CNS, multipolar.
Receive impulses from other neurons and decide how the body responds to stimuli.
Facilitates communication between sensory and motor neurons.
Ex. sensory neuron transmits stimuli to interneuron which processes info and signals approrpriate motor neuron to transmit impulse to muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
Communicates with neurons
A junction that mediates information transfer from one neuron |
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Term
| What is a presynapses neuron |
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Definition
| conducts impulses towards the synapse (CNS) |
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Term
| What is a postsynpatic neuron |
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Definition
| transmits impulses away from the synapse (CNS) |
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Term
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Definition
Do not transmit nerve impulses, rather, protect and nourish neurons.
organized, supporting framework for all nervous tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
Astrocyte
Ependymal cell
Microglial cell
Oligodendrocyte |
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Term
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Definition
Satellite cells
Neurolemmocytes |
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Term
| Two functions of an Astrocyte |
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Definition
BBB
Structural support and organization to CNS
replaces damaged neurons
regulates tissue fluid composition |
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Term
| Two functions of an ependymal cell |
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Definition
Lines ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord
Assists in production and circulation of CSF. |
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Term
| Two functions of Microglial cells |
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Definition
Defends against pathogens
removes debris
phagocytizes wastes |
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Term
| two functions of Oligodendrocyte |
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Definition
Myelinates and insulates CNS axons
Allows faster nerve impulse conduction through the axon |
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Term
| Two functions of Satellite cells |
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Definition
| Protects and regulates nutrients for cell bodies in ganglia |
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Term
| two functions neurolemmocyte |
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Definition
myelinates and insulates PNS axons
allows faster nerve impulse conduction through the axon |
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Term
| what are the functions of the myelin sheath? |
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Definition
| supports, protects and insulates an axon. |
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Term
| what are the functions of the myelin sheath? |
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Definition
| supports, protects and insulates an axon. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| innermost, delicate layer of areolar connective tissue that separates each axon. |
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Term
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Definition
| Middle layer. surrounds fascicles of axons. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| outermost layer, dense irregular connective tissue surrounds bundles of fascicles. |
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Term
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Definition
| space between presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron |
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Term
| Describe a synaptic communication |
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Definition
a. Nerve impulses travel through the axon and reaches its synaptic knob.
b. Arrival of the nerve impulse at synaptic knob causes an increase in calcium ion movement into the synaptic knob through calcium ion channels in the membrane
c. Synaptic vesicles bind to outside of membrane. Ach released into synaptic cleft.
d. Ach diffuse across synaptic cleft to plasma membrane of post synaptic cell.
e. Ach binds to proteins receptors causing ion gates to open. Na ions move into the postsynaptic cell through the open gates.
f. Changes in cell voltage causes a nerve impulse to begin in the postynpatic cell
g. AChE breaks down ACh |
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Term
| What is an axodendritic synapse |
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Definition
| Most common type, between the synaptic knobs of a presynaptic neuron and the dendrites of the post synaptic neuron |
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Term
| What is a axosomatic synapse |
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Definition
| occurs between synaptic knobs and the cell body of the postsynaptic neuron |
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Term
| What is a axoaxonic synapse |
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Definition
| least common, occurs between the synaptic knob of a presynaptic neuron and the synaptic knob of a postsynaptic neuron. |
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