Term
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Definition
| Medications that relieve tension, apprehension, and nervousness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Medications that gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a depression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Medications used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response. |
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Term
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Definition
| A systematic approach to changing behavior through the application of the principles of conditioning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Application of the principles of learning to direct efforts to change clients' maladaptive behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| An insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| An insight therapy that emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs. |
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Term
| Conditioned response (CR) |
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Definition
| A learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning. |
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Term
| Conditioned stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
| A previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response. |
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Term
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Definition
| A state that occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychologists who specialize in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care. |
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Term
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Definition
| A psychoanalytic technique in which the therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client's dreams. |
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Term
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Definition
| In psychotherapy, drawing ideas from two or more systems of therapy instead of committing to just one system. |
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Term
| Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
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Definition
| A biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A psychoanalytic technique in which clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur, with as little censorship as possible |
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Term
| Generalized anxiety disorder |
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Definition
| A psychological disorder marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat |
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Term
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Definition
| The simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group. |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree of disparity between one's self-concept and one's actual experience. |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychotherapy methods characterized by verbal interactions intended to enhance clients' self-knowledge and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| In psychoanalysis, the therapist's attempts to explain the inner significance of the client's thoughts, feelings, memories, and behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders. |
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Term
| Major depressive disorder |
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Definition
| Mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure. |
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Term
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Definition
| A medical institution specializing in providing inpatient care for psychological disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| An insight therapy that emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses through techniques such as free association and transference |
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Term
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Definition
| The treatment of mental disorders with medication. |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to therapy that focuses on altering clients' patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive emotions and behavior. |
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Term
| Regression toward the mean |
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Definition
| Effect that occurs when people who score extremely high or low on some trait are measured a second time and their new score falls closer to the mean (average). |
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Term
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Definition
| A process in which neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| The reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response. |
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Term
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Definition
| The branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others. |
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Term
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Definition
| A behavior therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasizes shaping, modeling, and behavioral rehearsal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recovery from a disorder without formal treatment. |
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Term
| Systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| A behavior therapy used to reduce clients' anxiety responses through counterconditioning. |
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Term
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Definition
| A neurological disorder marked by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements. |
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Term
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Definition
| In therapy, the phenomenon that occurs when clients start relating to their therapists in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives. |
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Term
| Unconditioned response (UCR) |
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Definition
| An unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning |
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Term
| Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) |
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Definition
| A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning |
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