Term
| The development of undesired side effects or toxicity caused by the administration of drugs. |
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Definition
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Term
| The organs of digestion; the digestive tract. |
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Definition
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Term
| An artificial opening (stoma) created in the large intestine and brought to the surface of the abdomen for the purpose of evacuating the bowels. |
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Definition
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Term
| Inflammation of a sac or pouch protruding from the walls of the intestines, especially the colon. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gas expelled from the digestive tract through the anus. |
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Definition
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Term
| An artificial opening (stoma) erected in the small intestine (ileum) and brought to the surface for the purpose of evacuating feces. |
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Definition
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Term
| A thin tube that is inserted through the nose and into the stomach for the purpose of instilling substances or for the removal of substances. |
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Definition
| Nasogastric tube (NG tube) |
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Term
| General term for an operation in which an artificial opening is formed. |
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Definition
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Term
| Inflammation of the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and surrounding the abdominal organs. |
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Definition
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Term
| An opening in the body created by bringing a loop of bowel to the skin surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| When imaging of the GI tract using barium is contraindicated, an _________ contrast agent may be prescribed. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of radiographic contrast agents? |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ contrast agents decrease organ density to produce contrast. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most commonly used negative contrast agents? (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ contrast agents are used to increase organ density and improve radiographic visualization. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the positive radiographic contrast agents? (2) |
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Definition
1. barium sulfate
2. iodinated preparations |
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Term
| A complication that is associated with the use of negative contrast agents can result from inadverent injection of air into the bloodstream, producing an air _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| (True or False) By using double contrast of barium and air, the ability to detect small lesions is improved. |
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Definition
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Term
| If barium leaks into the peritoneal cavity, an adverse effect known as ___________ may result. |
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Definition
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Term
| When perforation of the GI tract is suspected, what contrast medium will probably be used? |
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Definition
| An absorbable, water-soluble iodinated contrast medium in place of barium sulfate will be used. |
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Term
| Lower GI prep for infant - 2 yrs of age? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lower GI prep for 3 yrs - 10 yrs? |
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Definition
| Low residue meal the evening before |
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Term
| Lower GI prep for adult patients? |
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Definition
| Low residue foods 2-3 days prior to procedure, increased fluid intake 2-3 days prior to procedure, clear liquid diet 24 hrs prior to procedure, instruct pt to drink five 8 oz glasses of water/clear liquids during the prior 24 hrs, the afternoon preceding the exam - take 10 ounces magnesium citrate, the evening before the exam, another laxative may be ordered, and cleansing enema the night before or early morning of exam |
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Term
| (True or False) Laxatives may be given to the pt without a physician's order. |
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Definition
| False; physician's order is necessary |
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Term
| (True or False) The type of cleansing enema is always ordered by the physician. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ fluids can create dehydration. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ fluids can create fluid toxicity. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the only type of cleansing enema that is safe to use on infants, children, and elderly patients? |
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Definition
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Term
| What about normal saline enema fluid makes it safe to use on infants, children, and elderly patients? |
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Definition
| It has the same osmolarity as that in the interstitial spaces that surround the colon; therefore, it will not change the fluid balance in the body. Infants, children, and the elderly can tolerate very little change in electrolyte balance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Low residue diet 2-3 days prior, NPO 8 hours before study |
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Term
| Approximately how many ounces of barium is used for an Upper GI study? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of barium suspension is used for an Upper GI study? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used to produce double contrast in an Upper GI w/ air? |
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Definition
1. C02 crystals and water
2. Soda (kids) |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a double contrast Upper GI? |
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Definition
| To better visualize the mucosal lining |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a small bowel enema. |
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Term
| In an enteroclysis, the contrast is admistered through an (NG/NE) tube. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of an enteroclysis? |
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Definition
| To vizualize the entire small bowel |
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Term
| In an enteroclysis, what is administered through the NE tube? |
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Definition
| Barium and methylcellulose |
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Term
| What type of contrast is used in a cholecystography? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cholecystograms are now done mostly in what modalities? |
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Definition
| US (most common modality used), MRI, Nuc Med, CT, and Specials |
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Term
| What are the different types of cleansing enemas? (5) |
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Definition
1. Saline
2. Hypertonic
3. Oil retention
4. Tap water
5. SS (Soap Suds) |
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Term
| Why are scout KUBs taken to prepare for a barium enema? (6) |
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Definition
| 1. Free fluid in the abd 2. Air outside the bowel (free air) 3. Air inside the bowel 4. Unusual densities 5. Size and shape of organs 6. Abdominal aortic aneurysm |
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Term
| Barium is inert. What does this mean? |
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Definition
| It means that it will not interact with bodily tissues. |
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Term
| If an upright abd shows air below the diaphragm, what could this possibly mean? |
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Definition
| The pt could have a perforation in their colon. |
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Term
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Definition
| SX to clean barium out of peritoneal cavity |
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Term
| What are 4 adverse reactions a pt may have to glucagon? |
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Definition
| 1. nausea 2. vomiting 3. hives 4. flushing |
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Term
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Definition
| It relaxes the smooth muscle and prevents cramping (relaxes colon for barium enema). |
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Term
| How much contrast media is needed for a single contrast barium enema? |
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Definition
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Term
| The barium enema bag should be hung ______ than the table. |
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Definition
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Term
| BE - Insert the tip _-_ inches. |
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Definition
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Term
| How much contrast media is needed for a double contrast barium enema? |
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Definition
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Term
| (True or False) Barium is more diluted for pediatric BE pts and less barium is used. |
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Definition
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Term
| Do not use the inflatable cuff on what type of BE pts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should be used in place of plain enema tips for infants? |
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Definition
| 10F or 12F (Foley catheter) |
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Term
| Is (more/less) barium used for colostomy barium enemas? |
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Definition
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Term
| Use the ____ shaped tip for colostomy BEs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Never place a stoma pt in the _____ position. |
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Definition
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Term
| If a pt is constipated after barium studies, what should they do? |
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Definition
| Tell them to contact their physician. |
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Term
| Don't instruct a pt to drink 'a lot' of water for a GI exam or preceding a GI exam if s/he has what 2 problems? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 methods of administering barium? |
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Definition
1. Per os
2. Rectal
3. Stoma
4. NG (nasogastric) tube "thru nose into stomach"
5. NE (nasoenteric) tube "thru nose into duodenum" |
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Term
| What type of contrast is ordinarily used for swallowing studies? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain how to take overheads for an esophagram. |
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Definition
| Tell pt to drink 5-6 steady swallows of contrast medium, take a collimated image of the barium-filled esophagus (collimator should be 6-8 inches open in width). |
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Term
| Barium contrast should take no more than __ hrs to reach the colon. |
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Definition
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Term
| Iodinated contrast should take no more than _ hrs to reach the colon. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Small Bowel Follow Through |
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Term
| When will a pneumatic compression paddle most likely be used? |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ enemas cannot be done on children and the elderly. |
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Definition
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Term
| What can you add to a tap water enema to prevent children from developing fluid toxicity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should the temperature of the barium be for BEs? |
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Definition
| 85-90 degrees F (Warm, but less than body temp) |
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Term
| Single contrast BEs use __%-__% W/V. |
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Definition
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Term
| Double contrast BEs use __%-__% W/V. |
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Definition
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Term
| PO barium should be (warm/cold). |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucagon increases blood sugar levels. Do not give glucagon to what type of pt? |
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Definition
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Term
| Urinating more than 2.5 L a day is excessive urination - also know as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Waking up at night frequently to urinate is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| A Pneumatic Compression Paddle will usually be used during what fluoro exams? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the Radiologist suspects that a pt has peforation of the bowel what contrast agent should be used in place of barium? |
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Definition
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Term
| A nasoenteric tube is inserted into the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enteroclysis is a fancy word for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| An oil retention enema should be held for how much time before it is expelled? |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ _______ is used as a laxative to cleanse the bowel before a Barium Enema. |
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Definition
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Term
| Large distended gas and fluid filled loops of colon viewed on the image could be an indication of what? |
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Definition
| An obstruction of the colon |
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Term
| (True or False) Children 3-10 years do not require instructions for prep before a BE. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fluid from the cells pours into the colon when a __________ fluid is inserted into the lower bowel. |
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Definition
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Term
| Methylcellulose is used for an ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Place these exams in the order in which they should be scheduled: 1. IVP 2. BE 3. Lumbar Spine 4. Thyroid Scan |
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Definition
1. Thyroid Scan
2. L-Spine
3. IVP
4. BE |
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Term
| A pt who has been given glucagon during a GI exam must be observed for what amount of time after the exam? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the quantity of barium needed for a UGI? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cleansing enema can be given to an elderly pt to relieve fecal impaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you cannot insert the tip for a BE because of some resistance you should do what? |
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Definition
| Stop and ask the Radiologist to insert the tip |
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Term
| Oral administration and nasoenteric tubes are methods of admistering the contrast medium for examination of the _____ ______. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| (True or False) Administration of hypo-osmolar fluids for an enema can create fluid toxicity. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The BE bag should be hung __ inches higher than the table. |
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Definition
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