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Definition
| juveniles who commit acts that are criminal when committed by adults |
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Definition
| offenses that apply only to juveniles such as disobeying parents or smoking |
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Definition
| juveniles who commit certain actions that are legal for adults, but not for children, such as smoking & not obeying parents |
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Definition
| formed from the statistical count of the number of known crimes committed in a population over a given period mapped according to age |
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| Much of the behavior characterizing adolescence is rooted in ______ intermingling with ______ influences to cause teens to conflict with their parents, take more risks, & experience wide swings in emotion |
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Definition
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| The lack of synchrony between a _______ & a _______ may explain juvenile bad behaviors |
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Definition
| physically mature body & still maturing nervous system |
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| Adolescents' sensitivities to _______ appear to be different than adults, prompting them to seek higher levels of novelty & stimulation to achieve the same feeling of pleasure |
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Definition
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| With the right dose of guidance & understanding, can adolescence be a relatively smooth transition? |
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| a legal principle giving the state the right to intercede & act in the best interest of the child or any other legally incapacitated persons, such as the mentally ill |
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| 3 primary ways in which juveniles can be waived to criminal court |
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Definition
1. judicial waiver
2. prosecutorial discretion
3. statutory exclusion |
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Definition
| refers to a process by which a juvenile offender is "waived" (transferred) to an adult court because he or she has committed a particularly serious crime or is habitually delinquent |
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Definition
| involves a juvenile judge deciding after a "full inquiry" that the juvenile should be waived to the adult system |
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Term
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Definition
| allows prosecutors to file some cases in either adult or juvenile court |
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Definition
| these are waivers in cases in which state legislatures have statutorily excluded certain serious offenses from the juvenile courts for juveniles over a certain age, which varies from state to state |
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Term
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Definition
| "friend of the court" briefs presented to the court, arguing in support of one side or the other, by interested parties not directly involved with the case |
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| three-pronged goal of the juvenile justice system |
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Definition
1. to protect the community
2. to hold delinquent youths accountable
3. to provide treatment & positive role models for youths |
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Definition
| a decision made by certain criminal justice personnel to delay or defer formal court proceedings if a youth follows probation conditions |
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Definition
| a report done in juvenile courts that is analogous to a presentence investigation report in adult courts |
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Definition
| part of a disposition requiring probationers to work a certain number of hours doing tasks to help their communities |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of justice that gives approximately equal weight to community protection, offender accountability, & the offender; it is oriented to repairing the harm caused by the crime & involves face-to-face confrontation between victim & perpetrator in the hope of arriving at a mutually agreeable solution |
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