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Definition
| the idea that God intended for America to have all the western lands to Pacific Ocean |
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The Mood of the Day
The Lure of the Land
Desire for Wealth
Adventure and a New Start
Religious Reasons |
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Definition
People are encouraged to go west
Excitement
Encouragement by President Polk |
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Planters felt rich soil near Mississippi River would help their financial situation
Small farmers could buy land out west and wouldn't compete with plantation owners
Many immigrants move west |
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Gold "in them thar hills"
Silver
Land Speculation
New businesses |
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| Adventure and a New Start |
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Definition
Moved west seeking adventure (taming the land, Indians, and new government)
Leaving behind the past |
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Definition
Some went as missionaries
Some Indians looked to Christianity as the power of the white man
Mormons moved West due to persecution |
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Definition
Mountain men live in Rockies
Trap furs or buy from Indians
Meet at Green River Flats, Wyoming
Jedediah Smith finds South Pass-known for his Christian testimony |
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Term
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Definition
Sante Fe Trail
The Oregon Trail
The California Trail |
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Term
| The Santa Fe Trail runs through what states? |
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Definition
| New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas with a short cut through Colorado |
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Definition
Mainly trade route not used by settlers as much
Traders traveled together to help prevent Indian attacks
Group members had jobs within the caravan
Wagons squared up at night with animals in the center |
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Term
| How did traders set up their wagons at night when traveling on the trail? |
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Definition
| They squared up at night with animals in the center |
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Definition
Bent brothers founded trading post-Bent's Fort
Bents carried a cannon with them on trailt o discourage Indians
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Term
| Sante Fe had two branches |
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Definition
Cimarron Cutoff (shorter but dangerous with fewer water sources)
One closer to Arkansas River |
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Term
| What states does Oregon Trail go through? |
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Definition
| Oregon, Mexican Territory, Unorganized Territory |
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Definition
Jedediah Smith rediscovers trail in 1824
Route for settlers and missionaries going west
More northerly route than Sante Fe trail
Time was a factor-bad weather could result |
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Term
| What trail is a branch of Oregon Trail going south and west? |
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Definition
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Definition
route for gold seekers and settlers
Trail carries people thorugh the Rockies
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Term
| What trail has a portion of trail near the Humboldt River? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the progression of town growth? |
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Definition
Trappers and traders arrive first
farmers arrive next
Settlers arrive as do permanent buildings (church, stores)
Towns grow slowly |
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Term
| Where did the Eastern Indians move? |
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Definition
| Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) |
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Definition
Western Indians had been left alone until time of western expansion
Settlers were insensitve to Indians' claim to the land
Indian of the Great Plains fought hardest to keep land |
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Term
| How many Spanish settlements were in Texas? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the Southwest fall under Mexican control? |
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Definition
| Mexico gained freedom from Spain and so did Texas |
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Term
| How did Spain try to firm their claim on land? |
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Definition
| They set up missions- system was not effective due to the Indians |
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Term
| American Settlement of Texas |
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Definition
Mexicans wanted to limit American numbers in Texas
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Term
| Who got a permit to bring 300 families into Texas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did a family get if they moved to Texas? |
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Definition
| 640 acres of land for a low price with six years of no taxes |
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Term
| What did the settlers have to do to remain in Texas? |
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Definition
| Pledge allegiance to Mexico and become Roman Catholic |
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Term
| Why didn't the American settlers in Texas work out? |
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Definition
Settlers were not absorbed into population as Mexico had hoped
By 1830 Mexico reversed policy and closed border and restricted trade |
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Term
| Who asked for American settled area to become own Mexican state? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Stephen Austin do to try and solve the American settlers in Texas dilemna? |
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Definition
| He asked for the American settled area to become its own Mexican state |
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Term
| What was Mexico's president (Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna) response? |
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Definition
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| When did Mexican troops arrive in Gonzalez? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who gained control of Goliad and San Antonio? |
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Definition
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Term
| After Texans gain control of Goliad and San Antonio what do most Americans feel about the war? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who felt that Santa Anna would try invasion? |
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Definition
| Jim Bowie and Sam Houston |
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Term
| What does Houston NOT want to do in the Texas battle for independence? |
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Definition
| He doesn't want to fight at Alamo |
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Term
| Who orders abandonment of Alamo? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who felt differently about abandonment of Alamo? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many men were prepared to fight at Alamo? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the Mexican troop siege occur at Alamo? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many men did Mexican troop have for the Siege on Alamo? |
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Definition
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Term
| On March 3, Travis tells defenders what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the outcome of the Alamo? |
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Definition
| Americans lose but look for freedom |
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Term
| Where did Americans surrender and how many did Mexicans kill? |
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Definition
| They surrendered near Goliad and Mexicans kill over 300. |
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Term
| Who planned the attack on Santa Anna? |
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Definition
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Term
| What battle resulted in capture of Santa Anna and Mexican army |
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Definition
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Term
| Before the Battle of Alamo, what did Texans hold a convention and do? |
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Definition
| They issued a declaration of independence |
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Term
| Who was elected as the president of provisional government of independent Texas? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was Texas denied for their application to be admitted to the Union in 1836? |
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Definition
| They were denied due to threat of war with Mexico |
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Term
| Texas stood alone for nine years know as what? |
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Definition
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Term
How many years did Texas stand alone as "Lone Star Republic"?
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Definition
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Term
| Which president candidate states he will keep Texas out of the union? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who promises, "All of Oregon, All of Texas" in his presidential campaign and wins? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What was the big business in Oregon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some companies in the Oregon area? |
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Definition
Hudson Bay Company
American Fur Company
Rocky Mountain Fur Company |
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Term
| Where did company agents meet up with "mountain men"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What information did mountain men provide? |
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Definition
| Info on wilderness area- best routes, rivers and passes |
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Term
| What famous mountain man founded the South Pass? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the first to arrive in Oregon? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did many Americans move to Oregon? |
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Definition
| They heard of cheap good land in Willamette Valley |
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Term
| Where did the British move? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who developed the system of Mormon beliefs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Joseph Smith claim? |
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Definition
| An angel visited him & led him to tablets with divine writings |
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Term
| What did Joseph Smith translate the writings into? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the leader of Mormon that moved followers to Great Salt Lake? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did the Mormon followers move to from the east? |
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Definition
| Great Salt Lake- (called Salt Lake City), Utah |
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Term
| Who had the original claim to California in 1540 |
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Definition
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Term
| Who did Californians declare their allegiance to when Mexico declared independence? |
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Definition
| They declared allegiance to Mexico |
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Term
| When does California become part of America? |
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Definition
| After Mexican war and Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
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Term
| What treaty made California part of America? |
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Definition
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
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Term
| Who aquired 50,000 acres from Spanish? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Makes a community called Sutter's Fort
Hires James Marshall to build and operate the mill on the banks of the American River
Marshall deepens the channel to drive the mill wheel
Jan 1848- Marshall sees shiny object in water |
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Term
| What set off the Gold Rush? |
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Definition
| a worker tries to pay off a bill using gold and secret gets out |
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Term
| Argonauts were men who search for gold were called what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Over 80,000 men came to California
Mining was hard labor
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Term
| What became a problem once gold was found? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did California become a state? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Mexico stop relations with US? |
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Definition
| Polk became President. He won on campaign to gain "All of Oregon all of Texas". This was a threat to Mexico's territory of Texas. They already weren't happy with American presence in Texas |
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Term
| Who does Polk send to Mexico City to purchase California and New Mexico? How was this person received? |
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Definition
| He sent John Slidell. He was not received. |
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Term
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Definition
two armies are across from each other at the Rio Grande River
Mexican General crosses over and makes a surprise attack
Mexicans defeated
President Polk asks for declaration of war on Mexico (May 13, 1846) |
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Term
| What river were the two armies situation across from each other for the Mexican War? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Kearny headed to California
goes to Santa Fe
take the town without a shot fired
left men to finish the take over of New Mexico and Chihauhua |
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Term
| Who was headed to California and took over Sante Fe, New Mexico without a shot fired? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who brought 60 soldiers into California and lead group along with settlers in the "Bear Flag Revolution" |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is nicknamed "Old Rough and Ready" and why? |
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Definition
Zachary Taylor-
He was in charge of army-camp conditions were the best so it helps to prepare men
he wasn't one for formality in uniform or behavior |
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Term
| What town did Taylor capture? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Polk worries about Taylor's popularity
Santa Anna's army captures some outposts and gets in position to take Taylor's army from the rear
Taylor pushed back to Buena Vistas being outnumbered 3 to 1 but still defeats Mexican army |
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Term
| When Polk worries about Taylor's popularity, what does he do? |
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Definition
| Puts some Democrats in as generals |
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Term
| Who was placed in charge of Battle of Vera Cruz? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did Mexico City surrender in Battle of Veracruz and Mexico City? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the terms of Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? |
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Definition
End fighting
Rio Grande is boundary of Texas
Mexican Cession-California, Nevada, Utal (parts of Wyoming Colorado Arizona, and New Mexico) become part of US
US pays $20 million to Mexico and cancels all debts |
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Term
| What were the results of Mexican War? |
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Definition
Makes "Manifest Destiny" a reality
Slavery at issue again
Many leaders in Mexican War emerge during Civil War
Land gained is valuable |
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Term
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Definition
James Gadsden purchased a piece of land for US from Mexico for $10 million (comparative modern cost $269,158,878.50)
Purchase completes teh US |
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Term
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Definition
California admitted as free state
Land gained by Mexican Cession broken into New Mexico & Utah territories- people could decide about slavery (popular sovereignty-right of self-determination, power of decision making rest with people who live there)
Stricter fugitive slave law requires government officials to return runaway slaves
slave trade outlawed in Washington DC
Texas to be paid for land |
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Term
| Who threatened secession on teh compromise of 1850? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who said? "taken in rebellion against the Union, he would hang... with less reluctance than he had hanged deserters and spies in Mexico." |
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Definition
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Compromise 1850-
North gets |
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Definition
California admitted as free state
Slave trade prohibited in Washington DC
Texas loses boundary dispute with New Mexico |
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Term
| South gets in Compromise 1850 |
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Definition
No slavery restrictions in Utah or New Mexico territories
slaveholding permitted in Washington DC
Texas gets $10 million
Fugitve slave law |
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Term
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Definition
Taylor takes part in ceremonies on July 4 in the heat and takes ill and dies 5 days later
Millard Fillmore takes office
Stephen Douglas gets the compromise through
Fillmore approves |
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Term
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Definition
| Northern Democrats who are more moderate-did not oppose the pro-slavery position |
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Term
| What trail was mostly used for trade route (not used by settlers much?) |
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Definition
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Term
| What were Mountain men who lived in the Rockies called? |
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Definition
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