Term
| What is a determination of what you think is the patient's problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is determining the dynamics of scene management begins by assessing the scene itself? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the way in which traumatc injuries occur-the forces that act on the body to cause damage? |
|
Definition
| Mechanism of Injury (MOI) 594 |
|
|
Term
| What is the general type of illness a patient is experiencing? |
|
Definition
| Nature of Illness (NOI) 594 |
|
|
Term
| What is the part of the assessment process that focuses on identifying immediately or potentially life-threatening conditions so that you can initiate lifesaving care? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the first ___ seconds, as you look at, talk with, and touch your patient, you should be able to identify threats to the ABCs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the overall intitial impression that determines the priority for patient care; based on the patient's surroundings, the MOI, signs and symptoms, and chief complaint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the quickest and simplest way to assess the patint's mental status or level of consciousness (LOC)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does AVPU stand for? |
|
Definition
A Alert to person, place, and day 597
V Response to Verbal stimuli
P Responsive to Pain
U Unresponsive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The body's ability to deliver oxygen and nutrients at the cellular level and to remove the waste products of metabolism for elimination. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 60-90-second nonsystematic review and palpation of the patient's body to identify injuries that must be managed or protected immediately. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a grating or grinding sensation or sound made when two pieces of broken bone are rubbed together? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Information about the patient's chief complaint, present symptoms, and previous illnesses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the problem for which the patient is seeking help? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wha is information about the chief complaint that is obtained using the OPQRST mnemonic? |
|
Definition
| History of Present Illness 607 |
|
|
Term
| What are objective observations or measurements that you make? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is subjective information that the patient tells you? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gives you the opportunity to learn about any pertinent or chronic underlying medical conditions the patient may have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A composite picture of a number of factors in a patient's life, such as dietary habits, current medications, allergies, exercise, alcohol or tobacco use, recreational drug use, sleep patterns and disorders, and immunizations. |
|
Definition
| Current Health Status 609 |
|
|
Term
| What is a distal radial fracture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A lack of certain signs and symptoms one would normally expect to see specific to the illness or condition. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is redness of the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is sensitivity to light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is ringing in the ears? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is sensation of the room spinning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a complicated network of hormone secreting glands that help to regulate various functions in the human body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is increased frequency of urination? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is increased thirst? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is increased appetite? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is coughing up blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is shortness of breath while lying flat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is painful urination? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is waking up in the middle of the night to urinate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is blood in the urine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is excessive urination? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is pain during menstration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process of weighing the probability of one disease versus other diseases by comparing clinical findings that could account for a patient's illness. |
|
Definition
| Differential Diagnosis 614 |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 basic types of depression? |
|
Definition
| Situational and Chronic 621 |
|
|
Term
| ____ depression describes a reaction to a stressfull event in a patient's life. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____depression is ongoing and does not seem to have an apparent cause. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an inner ear infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Related to a side effect or complication of treatment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process by which more detailed, quantifiable, objective information is obtianed from a patient about his or her overall state of health. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What involves looking at the patient, either in general or at a specific area? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the physical touching for the purpose of obtaining information? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is gently strikingthe surface of the body, typically overlying various body cavities, to detect changes in the densitites of the underlying structures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What involves listening with a stethoscope? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The palpation of the heartbeat by using the fingers at a point where an artery passes close to the bone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the measurement of the force exerted against the walls of the blood vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is created by the left ventricle while it is contracting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the result of residual pressure in the system while the left ventricle is relaxing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the product of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a pressure meter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What allows you to look into a patient's eyes and view the retina and aqueous fluid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used to evaluate the ears of a patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most important skill a health care provider can master in the prehospital setting? |
|
Definition
| Physical examination of a Patient 632 |
|
|
Term
| What is a systematic head-to-toe examination that is performed during the secondary assessment of a patient who has sustained a significant mechanism of injury, is unresponsive, or is in critical condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A type of physical assessment that is typically performed on patients who have sustained an isolated injury or on responsive medical patients. This type of examination is based on the chief complaint and focuses on one body system or part. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An evaluation tool used to determine level of consciousness, which evalutes and assigns point values (scores) for eye opening, verbal response, and motor response, which are then totaled; effective in helping predict patient outcome. |
|
Definition
| Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 635 |
|
|
Term
| A determination made when assessing mental status by looking at whether the patient is oriented to four elements; person, place, time, and the event itself. |
|
Definition
| Alert and Oriented (A x O) 635 |
|
|
Term
| The tough, highly elastic layer of connective tissue underlying the epidermis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The outermost layer of skin that acts as the body's first line of defense. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cells that secrete collagen, elastin, nd ground substance are found in the dermis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is excessive sweating? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is loss of elasticity in the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Widening of a blood vessel, flused. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Narrowing of a blood vessel, such as with hypoperfusion or cold extremities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is paleness and is present when red blood cell perfusion to the capillary beds of the skin is poor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A bluish-gray skin color that is caused by reduced levels of oxygen in the blood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A blotchy pattern on the skin; a typical finding in states of severe protracted hypoperfusion and shock. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is localized bruising or blood collection within or under the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A condition in which the skin slowly retracts after being pinched and pulled away slightly from the body; a sign of dehydration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Priorbital Ecchymosis 641 |
|
|
Term
| What is the ability or inability to see, and how well the patient can see? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is unequal size of the pupils? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of the population have anisocoria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for ear drum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an abnormal curvature of the spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a high-pitched whistling sound that is most prominent on expiration but can be heard on inspiration in sicker patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a brassy, crowing sound often heard without a stethoscope and is caused by the narrowing, swelling,m or obstruction of the upper airway and may indicate that the patient has an obstruction in the neck or upper part of the chest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congested breath sounds, are continuous sounds with a lower pitch and a rattling quality and are indicative of fluid in the larger airways in the lungs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rattling, bubbling, or crackling lung sounds indicative of fluid in the small airways. |
|
Definition
| Rales or Crackles 650-651 |
|
|
Term
| Squeaking or grating sounds that occur when the pleural linings rub together, which may be heard on inspiration, expiration, or both; commonly caused by inflammation of the pleura. |
|
Definition
| Pleural Friction Rubs 651 |
|
|
Term
| The introduction of vomit or other foreign material into the lungs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A test of decreased breath sounds performed by placing the diaphragm of the stethoscope over the area in question while the patient says "99"; a loud, clear sound indicates lung consolidation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A test of decreased breath sounds performed by placing the diaphragm of the stethoscope over the area in question while the patient says "ee"; an "ay" sound indicates lung consolidation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A test of decreased breath sounds performed by placing the diaphragm of eh stethoscope over the area in question while the patient whispers "99"; a loud, clear sound indicates lung consolidaton. |
|
Definition
| Whispered Pectoriloquy 652 |
|
|
Term
| What are silent breath sounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the context of heart sounds, the situation in which events on the right side of the heart occur slightly later than those on the left side, and create two discernible sounds rather than one heart sound. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sounds related to blood pressure measurement that are heard by stethoscope. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an abnormal whoosh-like sound that indicates turbulent blood flow moving through a narrowed artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an abnormal whoosh-like sound heard over the heart that indicates turbulent blood flow around a cardiac valve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Distention of the veins in the neck indicating decreased venous return to the heart. |
|
Definition
| Jugular Vein Distention (JVD) 656 |
|
|
Term
| A sensation felt upon palpation of the chest wall, in which the heart beats extremely strongly; suggests hypertrophy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A humming vibration that can be palpated through the chest wall; suggests an underlying bruit or murmur. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is cyanosis in the extremities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Assessing vital signs in 2 different patient positions to determine the degree of hypovolemia. |
|
Definition
Orthostatic Vital Signs 658
Tilt Test |
|
|
Term
| What is a collection of fluid within the peritoneal cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraction of the abdominal muscles in patients. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a localized weakening of the abdominal wall musculature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one of the most important skills you will develop as a paramedic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most important assessment skill for you to acquire and comes with experience? |
|
Definition
| Whether Patient is Sick or Not Sick 589 |
|
|
Term
| Every time you assess a patient, you have to ___ whether your patient is sick or not sick, and then you must ____ how sick the patient is. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 basic categories of patient problems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When you are working next to a public roadway, what should you wear at a minimum? |
|
Definition
| American National Standards Institute 207 certified high-visibility public safety vest 592 |
|
|
Term
| What should you consider if the scene is not to your liking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the number one way to prevent the transmission of disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whether the call is medical or trauma case, the first question is a ___ and the second is a ___. |
|
Definition
| Qualification and Quantification 597 |
|
|
Term
| What could happen if you suction the patient for too long? |
|
Definition
| Hypoxia and Bradycardia secondary to vagal stimulation 598 |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory rate multiplied by the tidal volume inspired with each breath. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is evaluated to assess the ability of the circulatory system to restore blood to the capillary system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it when the skin is a dusky gray or blue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occurs if arterial blood flow ceases to part of the body, as in the case of a blood clot or massive bleeding. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are only a few conditions that cause sudden death, what are they? |
|
Definition
| Airway Obstruction, Respiratory Arrest, Cardiac Arrest, and Severe Bleeding 600 |
|
|
Term
| On most runs, what are the 2 most important pieces of patient history information that you need to obtain? |
|
Definition
| Patient's Name and Chief Complaint 605 |
|
|
Term
| What else should you ask a patient after you have obtained name? |
|
Definition
| Day of the Week, Time, Locations, and Events surrounding the current situation 605 |
|
|
Term
| ____ combines knowledge of anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and the patient's complaints to help direct questioning when you are obtainig a history. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Using techniques that encourage your patient to feel open to giving you any information you need. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pausing to consider something significant that you've just been told. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The technique of asking your patients for more information when some aspect of the history is vague or unclear. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Making your patient aware that you perceive something that is not consistent with his or her behavior, the actual scene, or the information the patient is giving you. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inferring the cause of the patient's distress, then asking the patient if you are right. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the brain malfunctions, more often than not the problem is related to what two fuels that are essential to the brain, though it can store neither of them? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are do children typically become very capable of providing history of the current problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do physicians typically assess when examining geriatric patients? |
|
Definition
| Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) 624 |
|
|
Term
| ___ consists of two elements-obtaining vital signs that measure overall body function and performing a head-to-toe survey that evaluates the workings of specific body organ systems. |
|
Definition
| Secondary Assessment or Physical Examination 626 |
|
|
Term
| What is cup-shaped and is used to listen for deep and low-pitched sounds (heart sounds)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is flat-shaped and is used to listen for high-pitched sounds (breath, bowel, and normal heart sounds)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a disposable plastic earpiece? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most reliable and consistent method of assessing mental status and neurologic function? |
|
Definition
| Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 635 |
|
|
Term
| What is it called when an infant follows your with their eyes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the GCS, what score indicates no neurologic disabilities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the GCS, what score indicates mild dysfunction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the GCS, what score indicates moderate to severe dysfunction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the GCS, what score indicates severe dysfunction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are false, fixed, personal beliefs that are not shared by other members of the patient's culture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two common methods of assessing attention? |
|
Definition
| Serial 7's and Spelling Backwards 637 |
|
|
Term
| What is the dermis subdivided into? |
|
Definition
| Papillary Dermis and Reticualr Layer 638 |
|
|
Term
| The vasculature inside the ____ serves two functions: provides nutrients to the epidermis and it aids in thermoregulation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ consists of dense, irregular connective tissue, which prvides both strength and elasticity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the quickest and most reliable initial way to evaluate a patient's overall degree of distress is to look at what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two parts is the head divided into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most posterior portion of the cranium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transverse depressions in the nail inhibiting growth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The angle between the nail and the nail base approaches or exceeds 180 degrees. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pitting, discoloration, and subungual thickening of the nail. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Red or brown linear streaks in the nail bed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transverse white bands that cover the nail except for the distal tips. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the lateral portions on each side of the cranium? |
|
Definition
| Temples or Temporal Regions 639 |
|
|
Term
| What lies between the temporal regions and occiput? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the thick skin covering the cranium and usually bears hair? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the forehead called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is CSF produced inside the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the tough, fibrous, out layer of the brain that resembles leather? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What distances should the finger counting test be done from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the diameter and reactivity of the patient's pupil reflect the brains status? |
|
Definition
| Brain's Perfusion, Oxygenation, and Condition 641 |
|
|
Term
| Pupil size is regulated by a series of continuous motor commands that the brain automatically sends through _____ to each eye. |
|
Definition
| The Oculomotor Nerves III 642 |
|
|
Term
| When doing an eye test, what pattern should you use when asking a patient to follow your finger? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What appears as opaque black areas against the red reflex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consists of the pinna, or auricle (the part lying outside of the head). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 small bones the middle ear contains? |
|
Definition
| Hammer, Anvil, and Stirrup 645 |
|
|
Term
| Bruising over the mastoid process, which may be indicative of a skull fracture; also known as raccoon eyes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three layers of bone in each nasal chamber? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pathway by which the spinal cord makes its way out of the brain and into the torso, enabling the spinal nerves to emanate to and innervate the rest of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are loud and harsh sounds over the trachea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the loud, high-pitched, and hollow sounds noted over the manubrium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the soft, breezy, and lower pitched sounds found at the midclavicular line? |
|
Definition
| Bronchovesicular Sounds 650 |
|
|
Term
| What are the finer and somewhat fainter breath sounds noted in the lateral wall of the chest are from the smaller bronchioles and aveoli? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are abnormal breath sounds such as wheezes, rhonchi, rales, stridor, and pleural friction rubs? |
|
Definition
| Adventitious Breath Sounds 650 |
|
|
Term
| What sound suggests an obstruction of the lower airway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stridor often indicates a life threatening problem, because stridor equates to an ____ reduction in airway size. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does percussion of the chest produce when it is full of air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does percussion of the chest produce when it is full of blood? |
|
Definition
| Hyporesonance or Dullness 651 |
|
|
Term
| What is the closure of mitral and tricuspid valves at start of systole? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the closure of aortic and pulmonic valves at end of systole? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a soft, low-pitched heart sound that occurs about 1/3 of the way through diastole? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is considered a gallop rhythm, is a moderately pitched pitched sound that occurs immediately before the normal S1 sound; it is always abnormal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What heart sound represents either decreased stretching (compliance) of the left ventricle or increased pressure in the atria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What includes the stomach, proximal duodenum of the small intestine, pancreas, jejunum, ileum, appendix, cecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, proximal rectum, liver, gallbladder, spleen, omentum, and female internal genitalia? |
|
Definition
| Intraperitoneal Organs 657 |
|
|
Term
| What includes the mid- and distal duodenum, abd aorta, mid- and lower rectum, kidneys, pancreatic tail, adrenal glands, ureters, renal blood vessels, goadal blood vessels, ascending colon, descending colon, and urinary bladder? |
|
Definition
| Extraperitoneal Organs 657 |
|
|
Term
| How much does the systolic pressure have to decrease to be considered a positive tilt test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much does the diastolic pressure have to increase to be considered a positive tilt test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much does the pulse have to increase to be considered a positive tilt test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs when abnormal forces are applied to normal bone structures, producing a fracture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs when normal forces are applied to abnormal bone structures, producing a fracture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fracture is usually caused by a high-force blunt injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fracture often occur as a result of decreased bone density, such as osteopenia or occult malignancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most reliable indicator of an underlying closed fracture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are hard and nontender and occur with osteoarthritis? |
|
Definition
| Heberden and Bouchard Nodules 666 |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 P's of acute arterial insufficiency when evaluating a limb for ischemia? |
|
Definition
| Pain, Pallor, Parasthesias/Paresis, Poikilotheria, and Pulselessness 668 |
|
|
Term
| What is the inability to maintain a constant core body temperature independent of ambient temperature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is rednes and one of the classic signs of inflammation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What refers to the inward curve of the lumbar spine just about the buttocks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What refers to the outward curve of the thoracic spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a sideways curvature of the spine, and is always abnormal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is comprised of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and the medulla (brainstem)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What takes charge of all of the brain's conscious processes and is divided in to 4 lobes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum? |
|
Definition
| Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, and Occipital 672 |
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain is responsible for coordinating balance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain handles all of the unconscious deeper processes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What runs from the spinal cord to the body outwardly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What runs from the body to the cord inwardly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ are not mediated by the spinal cord but rather go directl to and from the brain, originating at the medulla. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are involuntary motor responses to specific stimuli, such as a tap on the knee or strokig the eyelash? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What occurs when sensory input comes from receptors in the muscles, joints, and skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reflex reactions such as Babinski,grasping, and sucking signs normally found in young patients. |
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Definition
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Term
| What test may be used to check neuologic function and is accomplished by stimulating the sole of the foot by rubbing with your thumb or running a pen or other pointed object along the sole of the foot? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What does the mnemonic COASTMAP mean? |
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Definition
| Consciousness, Orientation, Activity, Speech, Thought, Memory, Affect, Perception 673 |
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Term
| What is garbled or slurred speech? |
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Definition
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Term
| What involves the paient's understanding and interpretaion of the positioning of an extremity and is a function of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are distinct areas of skin that correspond to specifi spinal or cranial nerve levels where sensory nerves enter the CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the change in mental status that is marked by the inability to focus, think logically, and maintain attention? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of congitive function? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the impairment of language that affects the production or understanding of speech and the ability to read or write? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a tingling feeling or sensory change, which is more consistent with a spinal lesion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What a white cheesy material? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are dark or bluish pigmentation over the buttocks and lower lumbar regions in African, Asian, and Mediterranean patients? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is wondering or shaking eye movements? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is alternating convvergence for divergence creating a cross-eye appearance? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What typically consists of a disposabe or electronic device that provides you with a means of showing carbon dixoide output? |
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Definition
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Term
| What not only includes a measurement of carbon dioxide output but also provides a wave form that gives you further insight into the overall ventilatory status of your patient? |
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Definition
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Term
| After the primary assessment, what is the single most important assessment process you will perform? |
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Definition
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Term
| The combination of a narrowed pulse pressure, muffled heart tones, and JVD associated with cardiac tamponade; usually from penetrating chest trauma. |
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Definition
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Term
| The combination of a slowing pulse, rising blood pressure, and erratic respiratory patterns; a grave sign for patients with head trauma or CVA. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the most important assessment skill and only comes from much experience? |
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Definition
| Quickly determine whether the patient is sick or not sick 589 |
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Term
| Every time you assess a patient, you have to ____ whether your patient is sick or not sick, and then you must ____ how sick the patient is. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of approach should you take when sizing up a scene for safety? |
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Definition
| Wide-angle lens thought process 592 |
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|
Term
| What is a dynamic process that requires constant reassessment? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is often one of the prime indicators of how sick the patient is? |
|
Definition
| Patient's Mental Status 597 |
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|
Term
| What shoud you think if you hear sonorous respiration? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What should you think if you hear gurgling or bubbling sounds? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the respiratory rate multiplied by the tidal volume inspired with each breath? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the best way to measure breathing adequacy? |
|
Definition
| Amount of air moved in and out of the lungs each minute 598 |
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|
Term
| What techniques are used to assess a patient's breathing status? |
|
Definition
| Assessing for chest rise and fall 598 |
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|
Term
| What type of pulse is a person with hypertension said to have? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What happens to skin temperature as blood vessels dilate? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What happens to skin temperature as blood vessels constrict? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is indicative of an absent pulse in a responsive patient? |
|
Definition
| Low cardiac out put-not cardiac arrest 600 |
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|
Term
| What are the few conditions that cause sudden death? |
|
Definition
| Airway Obstruction, Respiratory Arrest, Cardiac Arrest, and Severe Bleeding 600 |
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|
Term
| What should be done after you have examined the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation and addressed any life-threatening issues? |
|
Definition
| Brief Neurologic Evaluation 600 |
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|
Term
| What is a quick and thorough palpation of the body? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is simply looking at your patient fr abnormalities and asymmetry? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the process of touching or feeling the patient for abnormalities? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are best suited for detecting texture and consistency? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is best suited for noting temperature? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the process of listening to sounds the body makes by using a stethoscope? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are one of the most common chief complaints in prehospital care? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the purpose of gaining information about the patient and learn about the events surrounding the incident? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What should you ask the patient along with his or her name? |
|
Definition
| Day of the week, Time, Location, and Events surrounding the current event 605 |
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|
Term
| How should you address your patient? |
|
Definition
| By the name of their choosing 606 |
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|
Term
| What problem arises when EMS providers read off a list of questions to patients to fill in all the blanks on the PCR? |
|
Definition
| Making little to no eye contact 606 |
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|
Term
| While doing a interfacility transfer what should you take a moment to look over? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is frequently linked to the patient's current problem? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What potentially lifethreatening emergency could left lower quadrant pian and a missed mentrual cycle indicate for a woman in her 20's? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How many of the elderly who fall and break a hip will not survive the event? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Approximately what age will you be able start gathering patient information directly from the child? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are most of the problems with pediatric patient you will encounter in the field? |
|
Definition
| Respiratory and Fluid related 609 |
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|
Term
| What should you do at the scene of an MVC when air bags have deployed? |
|
Definition
| Lift up air bags and check for steering wheel damage 610 |
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|
Term
| What do tender lymph nodes indicate? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What combines knowledge of anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and the patient's complaints to help direct questioning when you are obtaining a history? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is a working hypothesis of the nature of the problem? |
|
Definition
| Differential Diagnosis 614 |
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|
Term
| What is one step further than sympathy and is putting yourself in the patient's shoes? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is using techniques that encourage your patient to feel open to giving you any information you need? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of communication techniques are saying that's helpful, anything else you can think of, or please go on? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is pausing to consider something significant tht you've just been told? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the technique of asking your patients for more information when some aspect of the history is vague or unclear? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is making your patient aware that you perceive something that is not consistent with his or her behavior, the actual scene, or the information the patient is giving you? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is inferring the cause of the patient's distress, then asking the patient if you are right? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What can set your patient on a path to healing no matter what the diagnosis? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is one of the most important elements of the interview process? |
|
Definition
| Be a Great Listener and a Patient Listener 617 |
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|
Term
| What can alcohol do to any number of signs and symptoms? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What should you never hesitate to do if you suspect abuse at a scene? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What should you do with all of your patient's complaints? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is an early sign of physiologic shock? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is hypoxi often misinterpreted as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What consists of two elements-obtaining vital signs that measure overall body function and performing a head-to-toe survey that evaluates the workings of specific body organ systems? |
|
Definition
| The Secondary Assessment 626 |
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|
Term
| Other than overall patient appearance, ____ provide the most objective date for determining patient status. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What will too small or tight blood pressure cuff yield? |
|
Definition
| Artificially High Pressure 629 |
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|
Term
| What will too large or loose blood pressure cuff yield? |
|
Definition
| Artificially Low Pressure 629 |
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|
Term
| What should you be aware of when using a device for measuring the tympanc membrane temperature in order to obtain a patient's body temperature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What size should the blood pressure cuff be? |
|
Definition
| 1/2 to 2/3 the size of the upper arm 631 |
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|
Term
| What is a disposable plastic earpiece? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What consists of a comprehensive review of systems to determine the nature and extent of the patient's illness or injury? |
|
Definition
| The Physical Examination 632 |
|
|
Term
| When determining if a patient is AOX4, what four areas should you look for? |
|
Definition
| Person, Place, Day of the Week, and The Event Itself 635 |
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|
Term
| What is the most reliable ad consistent method of assessing mental status and neurologic function? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are false, fixed, personal beliefs that are not shared by other members of the patient's culture? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What shows the patient's awareness of his or her illness and need for treatment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What material is the dermis composed of? |
|
Definition
| Collagen fibers, Elastic fibers, and Mucopolysaccharide gel 638 |
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|
Term
| What 2 layers is the dermis divided into? |
|
Definition
| Papillary Dermis and Reticular Layer 638 |
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|
Term
| What provides nutrients to the epidermis and it aids in thermoregulation? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What consists of dense, irregular connective tissue, which provides both strength and elasticity? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is perhaps the quickest and most reliable ititial way to evaluate a patient's overall degree of distress? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What two parts are the head divided into? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Where is CSF produced in the brain? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What standardized fashion should you assess eyes? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the standard device for checking visual acuity? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What distance should finger counting be done from? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is a circular opening in the center of the pigmented iris of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the diameter and reactivity of the patient's pupil reflect? |
|
Definition
| Brain's Perfusion, Oxygenation, and Condition 641 |
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|
Term
| What happens when you introduce light into one eye? |
|
Definition
| Both Pupils should constrict equally 641 |
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|
Term
| What is regulated by a serious of continuous motor commands that the brain automatically sends through the oculomotor nerves to each eye? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When the patient has asymmetric pupils, which may indicate significant ocular or neurologic pathology, what must be done? |
|
Definition
| Correlate with Patient's Overall Condition 642 |
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|
Term
| What appears as opaque black areas against the red reflex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 small bones does the middle ear contain? |
|
Definition
| Hammer, Anvil, and Stirrup 645 |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 layers of bone in each nasal cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does frank blood or clear, watery drainage (CSF) from the ears or nose following trauma suggest? |
|
Definition
| Basilar Skull Fracture 646 |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathway by which the spinal cord makes its way out of the brain and into the torso, enabling the spinal nerves to emanate to ad innervate the rest of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the single most reliable indicator of a spine injury or spinal cord injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are loud and harsh sounds over the trachea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the loud, high-pitched, and hollow sounds noted over the manubrium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the soft, breezy, and lower pitched sounds found at the midclavicular line? |
|
Definition
| Bochovesicular Sounds 650 |
|
|
Term
| What are the finer and somewhat fainter breath sounds noted in the lateral wall of the chest from the smaller bronchioles and alveoli? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sounds suggest an obstruction of the lower airway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you suspect if wheezing is unilateral? |
|
Definition
| Aspirated Foreign Body or Infection 650 |
|
|
Term
| What should you suspect if wheezing is bilateral? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stridor equates to an ____ reduction in airway size. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does percussion of the chest produce when the thorax is full of air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does percussion of the chest produce when the thorax is full of blood? |
|
Definition
| Hyporesonance or Dullness 651 |
|
|
Term
| What is the depression between the right and left atria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the opening between the two atria in the fetus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should you place the patient to bring the heart closer to the left anterior chest wall? |
|
Definition
| Sitting up and leanng slightly forward, Supine, and Left Lateral Recumbent Position 654 |
|
|
Term
| Where should you place the stethoscope to listen to heart sounds? |
|
Definition
| 5th Intercostal Space over the Apex of Heart 654 |
|
|
Term
| What sound are listening for when you ask the patient to breathe normally and hold breath on expiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sound are listening for when you ask the patient to breathe normally and hold breath on inhalation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where should you suscultate to listen for S3 and S4 sounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What question should be asked when you see JVD? |
|
Definition
| Where is the venous obstruction the is impeding blood return to the heart 656 |
|
|
Term
| What valve is found near the second intercostal space, to the right of the sternum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What valve lies near the second intercostal space and to the left of the sternum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What valve is auscultated over the lower left sternal border? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What valve can be assessed over the cardiac apex, lateral to the lower left sternal border near the midclavicular line? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What pain results when hollow organs are obstructed, thereby stretching the smooth muscle wall, which in turn produces cramping and more diffuse, widespread pain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What pain has its origin in a particular organ but is described by the patient as pain in a different location? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a bluish discoloration in the periumbilical that is indicative of intraperitoneal hemorrhage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a bluish discoloration in the flanks that is indicative of intraperitoneal hemorrhage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Waht is inflammation of the peritoneum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is most typically associated with ascites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an intricate network of nodes and ducts of various sizes that are dispersed throughout the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are larger accumulations of lymphatic tissue, and smaller amounts of lymph are distributed by tissue throughout the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a cramp-like pain in the lower legs due to poor circulation or low potassium level? |
|
Definition
| Intermittent Claudication 667 |
|
|
Term
| What is a chronic disease of the liver in which liver tissue is replaced by connective tissue, resulting in the loss of liver function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs with systemic conditions such as heart failure and hepatic cirrhosis? |
|
Definition
| Bilateral, dependnt, pitting edema 668 |
|
|
Term
| What occurs with local conditions such as occlusion of a deep vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the 4-point scale of pitting edema? |
|
Definition
+1= 0"-1/4" 668
+2= 1/4"-1/2"
+3= 1/2"-1"
+4= >1" |
|
|
Term
| What is the body's master control system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal reaction with the Babinski test? |
|
Definition
| The Great Toe will Flex 673 |
|
|
Term
| What is more consistent with an acute sudden change in mental status, secondary to some significant underlying aberration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is representative of a gradual and pervasive deterioration of cognitive cortical functions, typically secondary to the slow progression of some disease state? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jandice can appear in healthy babies ___ to ___ after birth and typically disappears after about a _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should jaundice raise suspicion to if it last beyond 2-3 weeks? |
|
Definition
| Biliary Obstruction or Liver Disease 678 |
|
|
Term
| What may a depressed anterior fontanelle indicated in an infant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What may a bulging fontanelle indicate in an infant and is usually seen when the baby cries, vomits, or has an underlying pathologic condition? |
|
Definition
| Intracranial Pressure 679 |
|
|
Term
| What is a must in EMS for every patient who has an altered mentation? |
|
Definition
| Measuring Blood Glucose Level 682 |
|
|
Term
| What are used to assess for the presence of damage to cardiac muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does an elevated brain nariuretic peptide level typically indicate? |
|
Definition
| Chronic Heart Failure 683 |
|
|
Term
| What is the single most important assessment process you will preform after the primary assessment? |
|
Definition
|
|
