Term
| Compare and contrast characteristics of the four categories of automatic nervous system drugs |
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Definition
- Adrenergics (sympathomimetics = mimic sympathetic responses)
- Adrenergic blockers (alpha- and beta-blockers = block sympathetic responses)
- Cholinergics (parasympathomimetics = mimic parasympathetic responses)
- Cholinergic blockers (anticholinergics = block parasympathetic responses)
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Term
| List the most frequently used (key) drugs in each of the four categories and the purpose of administration |
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Definition
- Sympathomimetics or Adrenergic
- Epinephrine - For bronchospasm, asthma, cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis
- Ephedrine - To raise blood pressure
- Isoproterenol - For asthma or bronchospasm; for heartblock or ventricular arrhythmias
- Norepinephrine - For severe shock, cardiac arrest
- Phenylephrine - To raise blood pressure, ventricular arrhythmias
2. Alpha- and Beta-Adrenergic Blockers or Alpha-blockers and Beta-blockers
- Propranolol - Blood pressure control, angina, arrhythmias, and migraine
3. Parasympathomimetic or Cholinergic drugs
- Bethanechol - For pospartum or postoperative urinary retention, not with benign prostatic hypertrophy
- Neostigmine - Treatment for myasthenia gravis and neuromuscular blockade reversal
- Pilocarpine - To lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma
4. Cholinergic blockers or anticholinergics
- Atropine - Preoperative, for insecticide or mushroom poisoning, for bradycardia or atrioventricular block
- Glycopyrrolate - Preoperative
- Propantheline - For bladder spasm
- Scopolamine - Prevent motion sickness; reduce salivary flow
- Homatropine - Mydriatic
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Term
| Describe the possible side effects of each of the key drugs |
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Definition
- Sympathomimetic or Adrenergic side effects - Tachycardia, palpitations, hypertension, nervousness, and hyperglycemia
- Alpha- and Beta-Adrenergic Blockers or Alpha-blockers and Beta-blockers side effects - Hypotension, bradycardia, fatigue, depression, and hypoglycemia
- Parasympathomimetic or Cholinergic drugs side effects - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, bradycardia, bronchospasm, and respiratory depression
- Cholinergic blockers or anticholinergics side effects - Dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, confusion, and tachycardia
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Term
| Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) |
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Definition
| Drugs that mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system. Having to do with adrenaline (epinephrine) and/or noradrenaline (norepinephrine) |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks the action of the sympathetic nervous system. Alpha blockers relax certain muscles and help small blood vessels remain open |
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Term
| Anticholinergics (Cholinergic blockers, Parasympatholytic) |
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Definition
| Drugs that block the action of the parasympathetic nervous system. Commonly used in preoperative medications that reduce the secretions of the mouth, pharynx, bronchi, GI tract and reduce gastric activity |
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Term
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Definition
| Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - automatic, self-governing, or involuntary and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system |
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Term
| Beta-blockers (Beta-adrenergic blockers) |
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Definition
| Blocks the action of the sympathetic nervous system. Beta blockers block the action of endogenous catecholamines (epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) in particular), on β-adrenergic receptors, part of the sympathetic nervous system which mediates the "fight or flight" response. |
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Term
| Cholinergics drugs (parasympathomimetic) |
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Definition
| Drugs that mimic the action of the parasympathetic nervous system.A cholinergic drug, also known as a cholinergic agent, cholinergic agonist,[3] or a parasympathomimetic drug,[4] is any drug that functions to enhance the effects mediated byacetylcholine in the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, or both. |
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