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| In middle ages Christians did penance by going on: |
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| The reliquary effigy of Saint Foy held: |
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Definition
| The skull of a child marauder for refusing to worship pagan gods. |
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| The church of Sainte-Madeleine is similar to: |
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Definition
| The great masque of Cordoba |
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| In the relief of the last judjement in the church of Saint-Foy a demon is shown battlin: |
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| There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth is a famous line from: |
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Definition
| Pope Innocent 111 "On the Misery of the Human Condition." |
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| The depiction of notes on a musical staff was an invention of: |
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| The order of Monks that advocated a strict advocation of the rule of Saint Benedict; |
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| The first crusuade was presented by Pope Urban 11 as: |
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| The second crusade was preached by: |
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| An example of wealth that the crusades brought to Europe is: |
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Definition
| A town house next to the pilgramage church of Saint-Gilles-du-Gard. |
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Term
| The principle in barcation point for the crusades was: |
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Definition
| The ancient roman city of arol |
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Term
| Eleanor of Aquitaine accompinied King Louis the Seventh in: |
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| The first stone castle in england was: |
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| In Chretien De Troye's Lanclot has a courtly love relationship with: |
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| The purpose of tomb effigies of Kings was: |
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Definition
| to symbolize the continuity and symbolic immortality of the state. |
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Term
| What become the model for the Romanesque church floor plan, although the wooden ceilings of churches like Old Saint Peter's were replaced by much more fire-resistant barrel vaults? |
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Definition
| The basilica tradition that extends back to the Roman Basilica Nuova |
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Term
| What were the portals of new pilgrimage modeled after? |
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Definition
| the triumphal arches of Rome, but they celebrate the triumph of the Christian God, not a worldly leader. |
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Term
| What does the Christian adoption of Roman architectural styles suggest? |
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Definition
| the Christian rejection of its Judaic heritage-the temple and the synagogue-as well as a growing identification with the Greco-Roman West. |
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Term
| What came with the increasing urbanization of Europe? |
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Definition
| worsening hygienic conditions that spread disease. |
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Term
| What did the pilgrimage advertise? |
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Definition
| the miraculous benefits that pilgrims might realize by visiting their towns, and reaped the economic rewards. |
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Term
| What pilgrimage played an important role in Islamic tradition, and the economic benefits realized by that relatively remote city on the Arabian peninsula were not lost on Rome. |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the religious value of a Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem-the most difficult and hence potentially most rewarding of Christian pilgrimages-demand? |
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Definition
| that the Western church eliminate Muslim control of the region, a prospect the Church frankly relished. |
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Term
| What did sacred sites hose? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| virtually by the boatload |
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Term
| What does the term "romance" derive from? |
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Definition
| the Old French term romans, which referred to the vernacular everyday language of the people opposed to Latin. |
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Term
| What was the love of woman celebrated in the Christian mind and troubadour poetry equated to? |
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Definition
| the love for the Virgin Mary |
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Term
| What did aristocratic women, particularly in France, gain? |
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Definition
| gained many rights such as the right to hold property, administer estates, and create wills. |
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Term
| Who was one of the 12 or so trobairitz, or woman troubadur poet that we know best? |
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Definition
| Beatriz de Dia, wife of William, count of Poitiers. |
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Term
| What is Betriz's "Cruel Are the Pains I've Suffered" an example of? |
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Definition
| the remarkable freedom of expression that a trobairtiz could enjoy. |
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Term
| Whose poems composed in honor of Eleanor, became staples of court society? |
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Definition
| Bernard de Ventadour, 41 of his surviving songs are musically notated |
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Term
| What did Eleanor and Henry become in the midst of their stormy relationship? |
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Definition
| the two major patrons of the Poitiers Cathedral, Notre-Dame-la-Grande and their generosity was memorialized a century later at the base of the giant stained-glass window that rises above the central portal door of the church. |
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Term
| The troubadour poets, most of them men, though a few were women, usually accompanied themselves on a lyre or lute, and in their poems they can be said to have what? |
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Definition
| "invented" romantic love as we know it today-not feelings and emotions associated with love, but the conventions and vocabulary that we use to describe it. |
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Term
| What did the thirteenth-century poet Guiraut Requier write? |
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Definition
| the four ranks of musicians existed/ |
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Term
| The four ranks of musicians that existed: |
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Definition
| Jongleurs, Minstrels, Troubadours, and the Doctores de robar |
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Term
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Definition
| the lowest musicians who not only sang but also engaged in acrobatics, animal tricks, and other like entertainments. |
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Term
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Definition
| The third on the ladder of musicians, full-time musicians of lesser station than troubadours because they did not write their own material. |
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Term
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Definition
| the the second on the ladder, they composed their own music and lyrics and performed their own songs, most often at court. |
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Term
| What was the doctores de trobar? |
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Definition
| the highest rank of musician. Trobar means "to invent" and is the root of troubadour. they were the most outstanding composers of the day. |
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Term
| To a merchant from Saint-Gilles, the most important of the knightly orders were what? |
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Definition
| The knights Templars, members of a religious military order founded in Jerusalem in the early twelfth century to protect pilgrims and the church of the Holy Sepluchre. |
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Term
| Where were the Knight Templars headquarters? |
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Definition
| Their European headquarters were in Saint-Gilles while in Jerusalem they occupied a building that adjoined the Dome of the Rock, itself built on the site of the ancient Jewish Temple. |
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Term
| What happened to the purpose of the Crusades? |
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Definition
| By the time of the Fourth Crusade the original religious purpose had been abandoned in all but name. Even the Third Crusade hand finally degenerated into political squabbling. |
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Term
| Who led the third Crusade? |
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Definition
| Three great kings, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, King Richard the Lion-Hearted of England, and Philip Augustus, king of France. |
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Term
| What city manipulated the Fourth Crusade to its own advantage and as a result, became the most powerful city-state in the easter Mediterranean, a position it would maintain well into the sixteenth century? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the fourth crusade finally reveal? |
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Definition
| the economic and political motivation of the entire enterprise |
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Term
| Why did Bernard of Clairvaux preach the Second Crusade? |
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Definition
| Even though the First Crusade was successful, by the middle of the eleventh century Islamic armies had recaptured much of the middle east. |
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Term
| Who durin the early days of the first crusade robbed and murdered all the jews he could find, killing 800 in Worms and wiping out the entire jewish population of both Mainz and Cologne? |
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Definition
| Count Emicho of Leiningen |
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Term
| What monks introduced choral music into the liturgy sometime in the first half of the tenth century? |
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Definition
| Benedictine monks at Cluny |
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Term
| What were most of the Romanesque pilgrimage churches controlled by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was cluny reformed by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the Clunaic order enjoy? |
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Definition
| a special status in the Church hierarchy, reporting directly to the pope and bypassing all feudal or ecclesiastic control. |
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Term
| What were Pilgrimage churches designed for? |
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Definition
| to appeal to visitors' emotions. |
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Term
| What did the Crusades success depend on? |
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Definition
| the feudal values of courage, heroism, and self-sacrafice. |
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Term
| What did the proliferation of pilgrimage destinations suggest? |
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Definition
| that people in the Middle Ages came to understand that culture might be centered in multiple places, each competing with the others for attention. |
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Term
| Who sanction the Dominican and Franciscan orders? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Pope Innocent III claim? |
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Definition
| the pope was the emperor as the sun was to the moon, a reference to the fact that the emperor received his brilliance (That is his crown) from the hand of the Pope. |
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Term
| What is the doctrine of transubstantiation? |
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Definition
| the belief that the bread and wine of sacrament become the true body and blood of christ when consecrated by a priest |
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Term
| Who was the patron of Florence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whose image appeared everywhere in Siena and was said to perform miracles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What began to leave the conventions of the Byzantine icon behind and incorporate the Gothic tendency to naturalism? |
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Definition
| Duccio di Buoninsegna's Maesta |
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Term
| What happened after the Venentian rout of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade in 1204? |
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Definition
| Byantine imagery flooded Europe |
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