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| presence of albumin in the urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in urine after heavy exercise |
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| absence of urine formation |
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| presence of bacteria in the urine |
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| involuntary discharge of urine usually referring to a lack of bladder control |
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| involuntary ndischarge of urine or feces |
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| urinary stress incontinence |
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| involuntary discharge of urine with coughing, sneezing or strained exercise |
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| presence of ketone bodies in the urine |
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| scanty production of urine |
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| presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection |
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| retention of urine caused by an inability to void (urinate) naturally because of spasm or obstruction |
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| form of nephritis involving the glomerulus |
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| pooling of urine dialiated areas of the renal pelvis an calices of one or both kidneys caused by an obstruction outflow of urine |
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| inflammation of the kidney |
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| inflammation of the renal pelvis |
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| presnece of a renal stone or stones |
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| inflammation of the bladder |
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| inflammation of the urethra |
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| narrowed condition of the urethra |
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| urinary tract infection (UTI) |
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| invasion of pathogenic organisms (commonly bacteria) in the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms include dysuria urinary frequency and malaise |
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| excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood caused by kidney failure |
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| examination of the bladder using a rigid of flexible cytoscope |
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| removal of kidney tissue for pathologic examination |
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| intravenous pyelogram (IVP) |
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| x-rays of the urinary tract taken after an iodine contrast medium is injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes through the kidney and may reveal an obstruction, evidence of trauma, and so on. |
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| kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) |
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| abdominal x-ray of kidney, ureter, and bladder typically used as a scout film before doing an IVP |
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| physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine |
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| measure of the concentration or dilution of urine |
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| measure of the concentration or dilution of urine |
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| chemical test used to detect sugar in the urine; used most often to screen for diabetes |
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| chemical test to determine the presence of protein in the urine |
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| chemical test used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in the urine. positive test indicates fats are being used by the body instead of carbs, which occurs in starvation or in an uncontrolled diabetic state |
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| chemical test for the presence of hidden blood in the urine resulting from red blood cell hemolysis; indicates bleeding in the kidneys (occult - hidden) |
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| chemical test used to detect bilirubin in the urine; seen in gallbladder and liver disease |
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| chemical test used to detect bile pigment in the urine - increased amounts seen in gallbladder and liver disease |
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| microscopic identification of abnormal constituents present in the urine (e.g. red blood cells, white blood cells, and casts) reported per high or low power field. |
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| urine culture and sensitivity |
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| isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium to propagate the growth of microorgs; organisims that are grown in the culture are identified along with drugs to which they are sensitive |
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| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) |
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| blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood; a high BUN indicates the kidney's inability to excrete urea |
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| creatinine clearance testing |
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| measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and a 24-hour urine specimen to determine the rate that creatinine is "cleared" from the blood by the kidneys |
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| kidney transplant, renal transplant |
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| transfer of a kidney from the body of one person (donor) to another. |
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| an internal reservoir (pouch) constructed from a segment of intestine which diverts urine through an opening (stoma) that is brought through the abd wall - a valve is created internally to prevent leakage and the pt empties the pouch by catheterization |
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| extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy |
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| procedure using ultrasound outside the body to bonbard and disintegrate a stone within; most commonly used to treat urinary stones above the bladder. |
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| methods of filtering impurities from the blood, replacing the function of one or both kidneys lost in renal failure |
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| method of removing impurities by pumping the pt's blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine (hemodialyzer) |
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| method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; a catheter inserted in the peritoneal cavity delivers cleansing fluid (dialysate) that is washed in and out in cycles |
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| drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms |
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| drug that increases the secretion of urine |
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