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| a policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war |
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| in 1879, Bismarck formed the Dual alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary; thre years later, Italy joined the two countries, forming the Riple Alliance; is 1881, Bismarck took another ally away from France by making a treaty with Russia |
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| ruled Prussia from 1864 to 1871; used war to unify Germany; in 1871, declared Germany to be a "satisfied power" |
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| forced Bismarck to resign in 1890 |
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| attempt to make the German navy equal to the might of the Bristish fleet: Great Britain formed an entente with France; in 1907, Britain made another entente, with both France and Russia; the Triple Entente did not bind Britain to fight with France and Russsa, however, it did almost certainly ensure that Britain would not fight against them |
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| the region of southeastern Europe now occupied by Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, the European part of Turkey, and the former republics of Yugoslavia |
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| War declared by the Ottoman Empire on France |
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| 2.5 million killed during the 1880s in the Ottoman Empire |
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| member of the Black Hand; assassinated Franz Ferdinand |
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| group that opposed the rule of Austro-Hungary over Bosnia-Herzegovina |
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| German and Austria-Hungary because of their location in the heart of Europe; Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire would later join the Central Powers in the hopes of regaining lost territories |
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| in World War I, the nations of Great Britain, France, and Russia, along with the other nations that fought on their side; also, the group of nations-including Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States-that opposed the Axis Powers in World War II |
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| in World War I, the region of northern France where the forces of the Allies and the Central Powers battled each other |
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| named after General Alfred Graf von Schlieffen; plan called for attacking and defeating France in the west and then rushing east to fight Russia |
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| first major clash on the Western Front; most important event of the war |
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| a form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield |
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| in World War I, the region along the German-Russian border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks |
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| poison gas, submarines, tanks, and machine guns |
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| unrestricted submarine warfare |
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| the use of submarines to sink without warning any ship (including neutral ships and unnamed passenger liners) found in an enemy's water |
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| a conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effect |
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| the limiting of the amounts of goods people can buy-often imposed by governments during wartime, when goods are in short supply |
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| information or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponent's cause |
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| an agreement to stop fighting |
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| the effort to take the Dardanelles strait began in Feb. 1915; British, Australian, New Zealand, and French troops made repeated assaults on the Gallipoli Peninsula on the westen side of the strait |
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| British passenger ship sunk on May 7, 1915 by a German submarine; attack killed 1,198 (128 U.S. citizens) |
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| telegram sent from Germany to Mexico in February 1917 telling Mexico that Germany would help them reconquer the land they lost to America if Mexico joined them in the war |
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| the Spanish flu; emerged in the spring of 1918; spread across the world killing 20 million people |
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| ended the war between Germany and Russia; signed March 1918 |
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| Treaty of Versailles, 1919 |
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| the peace treaty signed by Germany between Germany and the Allies; created the League of Nations |
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| Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war |
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| Wilson's "Fourteen Points" |
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| outlined a plan for achieving a just and lasting peace; the first four points included an end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, and reduced national armies and navies; the fifth goal was the adjustment of colonial claims with fairness toward colonial peoples; the sixth through thirteenth points were specific suggestions for changing borders and creating new nations; the fourteenth point proposed a "general association of nations" that would protect 'great and small states alike" |
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| an international associates formed after World War I with the goal of keeping peace among nations |
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| territories to be given back to certain regions |
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