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| A large, complex organization in which employees have specific job responsibilities and work within a hierarchy of authority. |
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| An employee of a bureaucracy, usually meaning a government bureaucracy. |
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| The biggest unit of the executive branch, covering a broad area of government responsibility. The heads of the departments, or secretaries, form the president's cabinet. |
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| An executive agency that is not part of a cabinet department. |
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| An agency of the executive branch of government that controls or directs some aspect of the economy. |
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| A government agency that performs services that might be provided by the private sector but that involve either insufficient financial incentive or are better provided when they are somehow linked with government. |
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| The system by which most appointments to the federal bureaucracy are made, to ensure that government jobs are filled on the basis of merit and that employees are not fired for political reasons. |
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| Administrative Discretion |
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| The latitude that Congress gives agencies to make policy in the spirit of their legislative mandate. |
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| The administrative process that results in the issuance of regulations by government agencies. |
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| Administrative rules that guide the operation of a government program. |
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| Policymaking characterized by a series of decisions, each instituting modest change. |
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| An organization's informal, unwritten rules that guide individual behavior. |
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| The process of putting specific policies into operation. |
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| Government intervention in the workings of business to promote some socially desired goal. |
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| A bureaucratic reform by which the government reduces its role as a regulator of business. |
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| Total Quality Management (TQM) |
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| A management philosophy emphasizing listening closely to customers, breaking down barriers between parts of an organization, and continually improving quality. |
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| Government Performance and Results Act |
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Definition
| A law requiring each government agency to implement quantifiable standards to measure its performance in meeting stated program goals. |
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