Term
| Weather is the ___1._____ condition of the Earth's ____2._____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Earth's atmosphere? |
|
Definition
| it is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth |
|
|
Term
| What types of factors do we consider when we want to describe the current condition of the atmosphere? |
|
Definition
1. temperature
2. cloud cover
3. wind speed
4. wind direction
5. humidity
6. air pressure |
|
|
Term
| When we talk about the temperature, we are really talking about the ____1.____ at which the molecules in the air are moving. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the temperature is high and hot out, the air molecules are moving ____1.____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the temperature is low and it is cold out, the air molecules are moving ____1._____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When air molecules bump into each other _____________1._________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of energy transfer is called _____1._______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Air that is warmed by the ____1._____ of the Earth ___2.____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As the warm air rises, it becomes ____1.___ and eventually ___2.____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process at which air warms then the air rises and as it is rising it cools and sinks is called _____1._____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Air has weight: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because air has weight, it can exert ____1._____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As your altitude increases, the atmospheric pressure _____1._____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The reason of why your atmospheric pressure decreases as your altitude increases is because as you go ____1.____, there is __2.___ atmospheric left above you. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When air is heated, the molecules move ___1.___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When air is heated and the molecules move faster is causes the air to ___1.____ and become _______2.______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If air becomes less dense it moves ___1.____ and the pressure it exerts ____2.____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clouds form when air ___1.___, cools to its _____2.______, and becomes ____3.______. |
|
Definition
1. rises
2. dew point
3. saturated |
|
|
Term
| Water vapor in the air then ____1._____ onto small particles in the atmosphere. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the temperature is not too cold, the clouds will be made of __________1._____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the temperature is cold, the clouds will be made of _________1.__________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clouds are classified according to ________________1._______________________. |
|
Definition
| 1. the altitude at which they begin to form |
|
|
Term
| What are the three major categories of clouds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of water vapor in the air |
|
|
Term
| The amount of water vapor that air can hold stays constant. True or false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The amount of water vapor that air can hold depends on ______1.______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____1.____ the air, the ____2.____ the amount of water vapor it can hold. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When air contains the maximum amount of water vapor it can possibly hold, it is called _____1.______ and ______2._______. |
|
Definition
1. saturation
2. condensation |
|
|
Term
| The temperature at which condensation and saturation occur is called ______1._______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______1._________ is the amount of water vapor that is actually present in the air compared to the amount that could be present at that particular moment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cause global wind patterns? |
|
Definition
| Uneven heating of Earth's surfaces and the Earth's rotation. |
|
|
Term
| Air at the equator experiences the most direct heating from the sun. Thus, the air here is ___________1.___________. It rises and flows ______2.________ the equator. |
|
Definition
1. warmer and less dense
2. away from |
|
|
Term
| However, because of the rotation of the Earth, air moving northward or southward is _____1._______. This is called the ________2.________. |
|
Definition
1. deflected
2. Coriolis Effect |
|
|
Term
| In the northern hemisphere, winds deflect to the ___1.____ of their original direction of motion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the southern hemisphere, winds deflect to the ___1.__ of their original direction of motion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jet streams are _________1.____________ that are found at ________2.__________ within the zones of the _______3._____________. |
|
Definition
1. giant rivers of air
2. high altitudes
3. prevailing westerlies |
|
|
Term
| Jet streams always move from __1.___ to ___2.___, but their exact positions __________3.___________. |
|
Definition
1. west
2. east
3. vary from day to day |
|
|
Term
| Jet streams are important because _______________1._______________________. |
|
Definition
| 1. weather systems move along their paths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a large body of air that developes over a particular region of Earth's surface |
|
|
Term
| A mass of air that remains over a region for a few days __________1._____________ of the area over which it occurs. |
|
Definition
| 1. acquires the characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| boundary between air masses of two different temperatures |
|
|
Term
| Along a front, air ________1.__________. Fronts bring changes in ______2.________ and ______3.__________. |
|
Definition
1. doesn't mix
2. temperature
3. wind direction |
|
|
Term
| A cold front occurs when a ______1.________ pushes into a _______2._________ forcing it ____3.______. |
|
Definition
1. cold air masses
2. warm air masses
3. upward |
|
|
Term
| ___1.____ may develop and the temperature ___2.____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many columns are in the periodic table? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the columns called in a periodic table? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elements have the _____________1.________________ in their outermost shell. |
|
Definition
| 1. Same number of electrons |
|
|
Term
| As a result, elements in the same group tend to form similar types of ___1._____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The elements on the periodic table are ordered by _________1.______________. |
|
Definition
| 1. Increasing atomic numbers |
|
|
Term
| This means that each element has ________1.___________ than the element before it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many rows are there in the periodic table? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are rows called in the periodic table? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elements in the same period have the same number of _________1.__________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As you move across a period, the properties of the elements _________1._________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. |
|
|
Term
| What are the atomic numbers of hydrogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the mass numbers of hydrogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the atomic numbers of helium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the mass numbers of helium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the mass numbers of lithium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An element that shares some properties with metals and some properties with nonmetals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are _1._ nonmetals, but they include the elements that are _______1.___________. |
|
Definition
1. 17
2. Essential for life |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of metalloids? |
|
Definition
Boron
Silicon
Arsenic
Polonium
Germanium |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of nonmetals? |
|
Definition
carbon
oxygen
phosphorus
hydrogen
neon
helium |
|
|
Term
| The periodic table is a chart that ___1._____ about ____________2.____________. |
|
Definition
1. displays
2. all of the known elements |
|
|
Term
| Since the periodic table is ____1.___ in a specific way, it is easy to _______2._________ that you need about the elements (the stuff our universe is made of!) |
|
Definition
1. organized
2. find information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an element that has luster, is a good conductor of heat and electricity, is malleable, and is ductile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can be pulled/drawn out without breaking |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of metals? |
|
Definition
Gold
Sodium
Iron
Lead
Mercury
Aluminum
Magnesium
Copper
Platinum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| matter that is only made up of one kind of atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it occurs naturally on Earth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is made by scientists using a particle accelerator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a given element |
|
|
Term
| The number of protons an atom has determines its ____1.____ (in other words, what kind of atom it is.) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the weighted average mass of all the isotopes of an element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| matter that has the same composition and properties throughtout |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a combination of compounds and elements that has not formed a new substance and whose proportions can be changed without changing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has larger parts that are different from each other |
|
|
Term
| You ______1._________ the different parts of homogeneous mixtures. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You ______1._____ the different parts of heterogeneous mixtures. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mixtures can be separated based on their ____1.____ properties. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some ways to separate mixtures? |
|
Definition
| sieve, magnet, and evaporation |
|
|
Term
| The proportions of mixtures can be ____1.____ without ________________2.________________. |
|
Definition
1. changed
2. changing the identity of the mixture |
|
|
Term
| In a mixture substances are ______1.________ together. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of a mixture? |
|
Definition
| fruit punch, sand, and water |
|
|
Term
| Compounds have a ____1.____ formula, meaning the same number of elements in each molecule. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The formula tells you ___________1._____________ and ____________2._____________________. |
|
Definition
1. what elements make up the compound
2. how many atoms in each element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance whose smaller unit is made up of more than one element bonded together |
|
|
Term
| Compounds have properties that are _____1._____ from the elements that make them up. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ are another type of substance. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____1._____ are one type of substance because they are made up on only one type of atom. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of substances? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of mixtures? |
|
Definition
| Homogeneous and Heterogeneous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of matter in an object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anything that has mass and takes up space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the material |
|
|
Term
| When you are making ______1.______ using your ____2._____ you are identifying the physical properties of a material. |
|
Definition
1. observations
2. 5 senses |
|
|
Term
| One of the key senses you use when observing is ___1.___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___1.__ and ___2.__ can be observed using sight. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a physical change the _________1.____________, but ____________2.__________________. |
|
Definition
1. physical properties change
2. the identity of the substance does not |
|
|
Term
| Some properties, such as ___1.____, ___2.___ and ____3._____, have to be measured. |
|
Definition
1. length
2. mass
3. volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of mass a material has in a given volume |
|
|
Term
| Density is the relationship between ___1._____ and __2.___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two objects can have the same size, but different ____1.____. When this happens they have different ____2.______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the formula for density? |
|
Definition
density= mass divided by volume
d= m/v |
|
|
Term
| Water at room temperature has a density of ____1.____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the physical properties of a substance change but the identity of the substance does not change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- solid
- liquid
- gas
- plasma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has a definite shape and volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has a definite volume, but takes the shape of its container |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it fills the shape and volume of its container |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs at extremely high temperatures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid |
|
|
Term
| When an object melts it changes from a ___1.___ to a ___2._____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Different objects have ___1.___ melting points. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the temperature at which a substance in a liquid state becomes a gas |
|
|
Term
| When an object boils it changes from a __1.___ to a __2.___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Different objects have ____1.____ boiling points. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some physical properties allow you to classify an object as a ___1.___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metals appear to be ___1.___, while nonmetals are __2.___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metals are ____1.___, ____2.____, and _____3._____. |
|
Definition
1. malleable
2. ductile
3. magnetic |
|
|
Term
| Physical properties can help you ____1.___, _____2.____, and ____3.____ substances. |
|
Definition
1. identify
2. separate
3. classify |
|
|
Term
| You identify, separate, and classify physical properties by their color, __1.____, _____2._____, mass, _______3._________, and much more. |
|
Definition
1. shape
2. density
3. melting point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smallest and closest planet to the Sun |
|
|
Term
| The inner planets are located between the __1.__ and the ________2.__________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four inner planets? |
|
Definition
| Mercury, Venus. Earth, Mars |
|
|
Term
| Another name for the "inner planets" is _________1.__________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some things that the inner planets have in common? |
|
Definition
- dense and rocky
- few or no moons
- no rings
- warm temperatures |
|
|
Term
| Mercury is also the _____1.______ planet to the sun. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mercury's surface has many __1.___, which are a result of _____________2,_________________. |
|
Definition
1. craters
2. meteorites crashing into it |
|
|
Term
| The crater surface of Mercury is similar to the surface of the ___1.____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does Mercury have no atmosphere? |
|
Definition
| small size, no gravity/extreme heat= easy for gas molecules to escape |
|
|
Term
| What is the temperature like on Mercury? |
|
Definition
VERY hot during the day (425c)
VERY cold at night (-170c) |
|
|
Term
| Why is it so hot during the day on Mercury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it so cold during the night on Mercury? |
|
Definition
| no atmosphere to trap heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| second planet away from the sun |
|
|
Term
| Besides the moon, Venus is the ____1._____ object in the night sky! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characteristics of Venus have led scientists to call it Earth's "Sister Planet"? |
|
Definition
1. similar in size
2. have similar gravitational forces
3.have similar compositions (like Earth has a liquid core, mantle, and crust. It also has a substantial core.)
4. cooling at the same rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is made of CO2 and has thick clouds of Sulfur Dioxide, which causes a MASSIVE green house effect (869 f)! |
|
|
Term
| Venus is the __1.____ of the terrestrial planets! As a result, we cannot ___2.__ the surface of Venus without using special tools to penetrate the atmosphere. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Venus is able to produce ____1._____! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- very, very dry and rocky
- volcanic
- lacks plates (no tectonics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the third planet away from the sun, is unique for many reasons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. it is the only planet where life has been proven to exist
2. it is the only planet where water is known to exist as a solid, liquid, and gas
3. it has an atmosphere with an ozone layer that protects us from harmful solar radiation
4. it has a magnetic field (that is generated by rotation in its liquid core) that also protects us from solar radiation
5. its temperature is not too hot and not too cold for life- it is "just right" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fourth planet from the sun, the radius of Mars is about 1/2 the size of Earth |
|
|
Term
| Mars is nicknamed "the red planet" due to the high levels of __1.___ on its surface. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mars has __1.__ small moons: _______2.________. |
|
Definition
1. two
2. Phobos and Deimos |
|
|
Term
| What are the features Mars has that are in common with Earth? |
|
Definition
- polar ice caps
- volcanoes (Olympic Mons- highest volcano in the solar system)
- craters
- valleys
- canyons (Valles Marineris- deepest canyon in the solar system)
- seasons |
|
|
Term
| Mars is now ________1._________ and has no ______2.______. |
|
Definition
1. geologically inactive
2. magnetosphere |
|
|
Term
| The asteroid belt is located between ____1.___ and ____2.______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irregular shaped space rocks that are made of minerals similar to those that formed the rock planets |
|
|
Term
| The gravitational force from which planet may have prevented the asteroids in the asteroid belt from becoming their own planet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ceres is a _____1.________ that is located in the asteroid belt! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When you measure a distance, the ____1.__ of measurement that you should use depends on the __2.___ of the thing you are measuring. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why don't you use centimeters to measure the distance between your home and school? |
|
Definition
| You would end up with a huge number and you would lose count if you measured the distance between your home and school in centimeters |
|
|
Term
| Space is so VAST that it has its own special unit of measurement- the _______1._________! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 150 million kilometers. This is equal to the average distance from the sun to the earth |
|
|
Term
| The astronomical unit is abbreviated __1.___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Not only are the inner planets close to the sun, but they are also close in distance to _____1._______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each inner planet is within about ______1._______ of its closest planetary neighbor. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The distances between the outer planets are ______1._______ than the distances between the inner planets. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each outer planet is within about _____1._______ of its closest planetary neighbor. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the outer planets sometimes called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jupiter is more than ___1.___ the size of the Earth! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Even the gas giants are small compared to the size of the __1.___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sun is more than ___1.__ the size of Jupiter, and __2.____ the size of Earth! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sun is an ___1.______ size star. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of a planet around the sun |
|
|
Term
| 1 Earth, 1 revolution= 1 earth ___1.___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The outer planets are located beyond the _______1._______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the names of the four outer planets? |
|
Definition
| jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune |
|
|
Term
| What are some things the outer planets have in common? |
|
Definition
- made of gas
- many moons (between 13 and 63+)
- all have rings of dust and ice
- cold temperatures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fifth planet away from the sun, is the largest in the solar system |
|
|
Term
| Because Jupiter is so massive, it has a large __________1.__________ and high _______2._______. It also has a very strong ______3.______. |
|
Definition
1. gravitational force
2. atmospheric pressure
3. magnetosphere |
|
|
Term
| The jovian atmosphere is composed mostly of ____1.____ and ____2.____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The weather on Jupiter is _____1.________. An example of this is the ________2.___________, which is a giant ___3.____ (3X the diameter of Earth!) |
|
Definition
1. very turbulent
2. Great Red Spot
3. storm |
|
|
Term
| Astronomers believe that Jupiter may have a _______1.______ deep within the center of the planet. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jupiter has the shortest day (less than 10 hrs) of any planet in our solar system. What can you infer about the rotation of Jupiter? |
|
Definition
| it rotates on its axis very quickly |
|
|
Term
| Jupiter has __1.__ moons, the most of any planet in the solar system! In fact, Jupiter and its moons look like a ________2.____________. |
|
Definition
1. 63+
2. mini solar system |
|
|
Term
| What are the names of the four largest moons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____1.______ is larger than Mercury. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____1._____ and ____2.____ may have _______3.________ under their icy crusts. |
|
Definition
1. Callisto
2. europa
3. liquid water |
|
|
Term
| __1.___ has more ____2.______ than any other object in the solar system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the second largest planet from the sun, is the second largest in the solar system |
|
|
Term
| The most striking feature of Saturn are its nine broad ____1.____. They are made of __2.___ and ___3.__. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Like Jupiter, the conditions produced on Saturn are extreme! It has a large _______1.__________ and high __________2.___________. |
|
Definition
1. gravitational force
2. atmospheric pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liquid hydrogen and helium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gaseous hydrogen and helium |
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|
Term
| Saturn also has many ___1._____. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the second largest moon (after Ganymede) in the solar system! It is larger then the planet Mercury! |
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Term
| Titan is composed of _______1.______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Like Earth, Titan also has ______1.______ atmosphere. |
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Definition
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Term
| Titan has surface features like those seen on Earth __________________1._______________________. It is the only place besides Earth where stable bodies of ______2._________ have been shown to exist! |
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Definition
1. mountains, valleys, sand dunes, rivers, lakes, and seas
2. surface liquid |
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Term
| Although Titan has many things in common with Earth, what would make life as we know it difficult on Titan? |
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Definition
- VERY low temperatures
- VERY little sunlight
- no liquid water (Titan has hydrocarbon lakes) |
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Term
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Definition
| the seventh planet away from the sun. Uranus and Neptune together are nicknamed the ice giants |
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Term
| Uranus has the _________1.____________ of the 8 planets in the solar system. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gaseous hydrogen and helium, methane (blue) |
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Term
| Uranus is unique in that its axis of rotation is ______1.______. Its poles lie where most planets have their _____2.______. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the eighth planet away from the sun and the furthest planet away from the sun |
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Term
| Neptune is very similar in ___1.____ and ______2._________ to the planet Uranus. |
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Definition
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Term
| One difference between Neptune and Uranus is that Neptune has ____1.______ weather patterns. For example, it has a massive ___2._____ called the ______3.__________ which is similar to Jupiter's great red spot. It also has the ______4._________ that have been recorded in the solar system. |
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Definition
1. very active
2. storm
3. great blue spot
4. strongest winds |
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Term
| There are 13 known Neptunian moons, the largest at which is called ____1.____. |
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Definition
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