Term
| 5 Characteristics of Birds |
|
Definition
1. Is endothermic
2. Is a vertebrate
3. Has feathers
4. Has a four-chambered heart.
5. Lays eggs |
|
|
Term
| 4 Adaptations Birds have for flight |
|
Definition
1. Hallow bones
2. Forelimbs form wings
3. Large chest muscles to move wings
4. Feathers help birds fly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the large feathers that give shape to a bird’s body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short, fluffy feathers that are specialized to trap heat and keep the bird warm |
|
|
Term
| type of heart/circulatory system of a bird |
|
Definition
| a 4 chambered heart with 2 loops |
|
|
Term
| list advantages of a 4 chambered heart |
|
Definition
1. oxygen-rich blood does not mix with oxygen-poor blood
2. blood carried to the cells of the body has plenty of oxygen |
|
|
Term
| How does bill/beak shape affect birds |
|
Definition
| allows them to eat quickly and efficiently, adapted to their food source |
|
|
Term
| list 3 things that birds use their beak for |
|
Definition
1. Capture their food
2. Grip their food
3. Handle their food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| internal storage tank for storing food inside the body after swallowing it. |
|
|
Term
| list 2 parts of a birds stomach |
|
Definition
Part 1: food is broken down with chemicals
Part 2: Gizzard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thick-walled, muscular part of the stomach |
|
|
Term
| how do birds maintain their body temperature? |
|
Definition
| eating lots of food (25% of their body weight per day) and down feathers trap warm air |
|
|
Term
| what type of eggs do birds lay? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two adaptations that birds have to live in their environments |
|
Definition
1. Adaptations of the shapes of their legs, claws, and bills.
2. Birds also have adaptations for finding mates and caring for their young. |
|
|
Term
| 3 roles of birds in the environment |
|
Definition
1. pollination
2. spreading seeds
3. eating pests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The difference in pressure between the upper and lower surfaces of a bird’s wings that produces an upward force that causes the bird to rise. |
|
|
Term
| three types of bird flight |
|
Definition
1. flapping
2. soaring/gliding
3. diving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rising on warm air currents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using cool air currents to move down |
|
|
Term
| 5 characteristics of mammals |
|
Definition
1. Is Endothermic
2. Is a vertebrate
3. Has a four-chambered heart
4. Has skin covered with fur or hair
5. Feeds young with milk produced by the mothers body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organ in female mammals that produces milk for the mammal’s young. |
|
|
Term
| how are teeth important for mammals? |
|
Definition
| Their teeth are adapted to chew their food and can be used to tell what type of food they eat. |
|
|
Term
| list the 4 different types of mammal teeth |
|
Definition
1. Incisors
2. Canines
3. Premolars
4. Molars |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| teeth flat-edged to bite off and cut food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| teeth pointed to stab food and tear into it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| teeth broad, flat upper surfaces for grinding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A. Mammals breathe in and out with their lungs because of the combined action of rib muscles and their diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large muscle located at the bottom of a mammal’s rib cage that functions in breathing. |
|
|
Term
| what type of circulatory system to mammals have? |
|
Definition
| a four-chambered heart and a two-loop circulatory system |
|
|
Term
| what are the two ways that mammals maintain homeostasis (keep internal conditions stable) |
|
Definition
1. They use the energy they get from their food
2. They have fur or hair at some point in their lives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mammals have adaptations that allow them to move and survive in many habitats. |
|
|
Term
| How is a mammal's nervous system adapted for life? |
|
Definition
1. The brains of mammals enable them to learn, remember, and behave in complex ways.
2. The senses of mammals are highly developed and adapted for the way they live. |
|
|
Term
| list the three groups of mammals |
|
Definition
1. Monotremes
2. Marsupials
3. Placental mammals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. two species of spiny anteaters
2. duck-billed platypus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the length of time between fertilization and birth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mammals whose young are born at an early stage of development, and they usually continue to develop in a pouch on their mother’s body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mammal develops inside its mother’s body until it’s body systems can function on their own |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organ in pregnant female mammals that passes materials between the mother and the developing embryo |
|
|
Term
| what transfers through the placenta? |
|
Definition
1. Food and oxygen pass from the mother to her young
2. Wastes pass from the young to the mother, who eliminates them |
|
|
Term
| Compare the gestation periods of marsupials and placental mammales |
|
Definition
marsupials have a very short period in mothers body, develop in pouch after being born until they can function alone.
placental mammals have a long period, until all systems can function alone |
|
|
Term
| How are placental mammals classified? |
|
Definition
| Based on characteristics such as how they move and what they eat |
|
|
Term
| Compare and contrast the way that mammals and birds care for their young. |
|
Definition
Birds care for their young only until they can fly, usually just a month.
Mammals care for their young until they can survive on their own, often a few years. |
|
|
