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| Regular, repeating pattern |
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| states that the chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic functions of a number. |
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| horizontal row of elements on the periodic table |
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| Column of elements on the periodic table |
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| soft enough to be cut with a knife |
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| not as reactive as alkali metals because it is more difficult for atoms to give away two electrons than to give away only one when joining with other atoms |
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| very reactive nonmetals because their atoms need to gain only one electron to have a complete outer level |
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| are unreactive nonmetals, because the atoms of the elements in this group have a complete set of electrons in their outer level, they do not need to lose or gain any electrons. |
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