Term
|
Definition
| Both branches of the autonomic nervous system innervate most organs |
|
|
Term
| Another name for the autonomic nervous system is |
|
Definition
| Involuntary nervous system |
|
|
Term
| The primary function of the autonomic nervous system is |
|
Definition
| To regulate the function of effector organs so as to maintain homeostasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Travel from the CNS to the ganglia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Travel from the ganglia to the effector organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Region from which the preganglionic neurons originate |
|
|
Term
| What are the three ways in which preganglionic and postganglionic neurons can be arranged in the sympathetic nervous system? |
|
Definition
1. Preganglionic neurons synapse with the postganglionic neurons sympathetic chain which connect to the effector organ
2. Preganglionic neurons innervate the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, stimulating the release of epinephrine into the blood.
3. Preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in structures called collateral ganglia between the CNS and effector organs |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important nerve of the parasmpathetic nervous system? |
|
Definition
| Cranial Nerve 10, also known as the Vagus nerve. This nerve originates in the medulla oblongata and innervates much of the viscera, including the lungs, heart, stomach, small intestines and liver |
|
|
Term
| What are the two primary neurotransmitters in the peripheral nervous system? |
|
Definition
| Acetylcholine and norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurons that release norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
| Where are nicotinic cholinergic receptors found? |
|
Definition
| Cell bodies and dendrites of sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, on chromaffin cells and on skeletal muscle cells |
|
|
Term
| Where are muscarinic cholinergic receptors found? |
|
Definition
| Effector organs of the parasympathetic nervous system such as the heart, smooth muscles controlling the diameter of pupils and smooth muscles in the digestive tract |
|
|
Term
| What happens when acetylcholine binds to its receptors? |
|
Definition
| Cation channels open, allowing sodium to diffuse into the cell and potassium to diffuse out of the cell |
|
|
Term
| What is the only effector organ controlled by the somatic nervous system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only type of efferent neuron in the somatic nervous system? |
|
Definition
| Motor neurons which innervate skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
| Where do motor neurons originate? |
|
Definition
| The ventral horn of the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for muscle cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it innervates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A central region of a skeletal muscle fiber where each branch of a motor neuron synapses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Axon terminals of the motor neuron that sotre and release acetylcholine |
|
|
Term
| What is the only neurotransmitter of the somatic nervous system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specialized region of a muscle fiber's plasma membrane which contains invaginations containing large numbers of nicotinic cholinergic receptors. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of acetylcholinesterase found in the invaginations of the motor end plate? |
|
Definition
| Terminates the excitatory signal, allowing the muscle fiber to relax |
|
|
Term
| End-plate potential (EPP) |
|
Definition
A depolarization produced by sodium flowing into the muscle fiber.
EPP's are usually strong enough to depolarize the muscle fibers to threshold, generating an action potential, triggering contraction of the muscle fiber |
|
|
