Term
| Exam 1 Study Guide - Chapter 10: Airway Management |
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Definition
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Term
| What does snoring respiration indicate? |
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Definition
| Simple upper airway obstruction, usually tongue blocking pharynx |
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Term
| What does gurgling respiration indicate? |
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Definition
| Presence of fluid in airway; suction immediately |
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Term
| What does stridor indicate? |
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Definition
| Upper airway obstruction at larynx or trachea, high-pitched sound |
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Term
| What does wheezing indicate? |
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Definition
| Lower airway obstruction, narrowing of bronchioles |
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Term
| What is the first step in airway management? |
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Definition
| Ensure scene safety, then open airway (head tilt–chin lift or jaw-thrust if trauma) |
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Term
| When should the jaw-thrust maneuver be used? |
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Definition
| When spinal injury is suspected |
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Term
| When is head tilt–chin lift appropriate? |
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Definition
| When no suspicion of cervical spine injury exists |
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Term
| OPA (Oropharyngeal Airway) – indication |
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Definition
| Unconscious patient with no gag reflex |
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Term
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Definition
| Conscious or semiconscious patient with intact gag reflex |
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Term
| NPA (Nasopharyngeal Airway) – indication |
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Definition
| Unconscious/semi-conscious patient with gag reflex or clenched jaw |
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Term
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Definition
| Severe head or facial trauma, possible basilar skull fracture |
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Term
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Definition
| From corner of mouth to earlobe/angle of jaw |
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Term
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Definition
| From tip of nose to earlobe/tragus |
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Term
| Normal adult tidal volume |
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Definition
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Term
| Minute ventilation formula |
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Definition
| Tidal Volume × Respiratory Rate |
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Term
| What is alveolar ventilation? |
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Definition
| Amount of air reaching alveoli per minute |
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Term
| Inadequate breathing signs |
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Definition
| Altered mental status, cyanosis, irregular rate/effort, accessory muscle use |
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Term
| What oxygen concentration is room air? |
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Definition
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Term
| What oxygen concentration is delivered via nasal cannula (1–6 L/min)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What oxygen concentration is delivered via nonrebreather mask (10–15 L/min)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What oxygen concentration is delivered via BVM with O2 reservoir? |
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Definition
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Term
| How often to ventilate adults with BVM? |
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Definition
| 1 breath every 5–6 seconds (10–12 breaths/min) |
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Term
| How often to ventilate infants/children with BVM? |
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Definition
| 1 breath every 3–5 seconds (12–20 breaths/min) |
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Term
| What does gastric distention occur from? |
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Definition
| Excessive ventilation pressure or incorrect head positioning |
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Term
| What is the Sellick maneuver (cricoid pressure)? |
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Definition
| Not routinely recommended; may impede airway management |
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Term
| What is the recovery position? |
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Definition
| Lateral recumbent; used to maintain airway in unconscious, breathing patient without trauma |
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Term
| What is suctioning time limit for adults? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is suctioning time limit for children? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is suctioning time limit for infants? |
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Definition
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Term
| When should suctioning be performed? |
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Definition
| Whenever gurgling or fluid in airway is heard/seen |
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Term
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Definition
| Low oxygen levels at the tissue level |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevated CO₂ levels in blood |
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Term
| What is the primary drive to breathe in normal people? |
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Definition
| High CO₂ (hypercarbic drive) |
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Term
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Definition
| Secondary respiratory drive in COPD patients, based on low O₂ levels |
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Term
| Signs of adequate artificial ventilation |
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Definition
| Visible chest rise, good compliance, improvement in skin color, adequate SpO₂ |
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Term
| What are complications of OPA/NPA use? |
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Definition
| Gagging, vomiting, airway trauma, improper sizing leading to obstruction |
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Term
| What is the gold standard for confirming adequate ventilation? |
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Definition
| Capnography (ETCO₂ monitoring) |
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Term
| What is ETCO₂ normal range? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are agonal respirations? |
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Definition
| Irregular, gasping breaths seen in cardiac arrest – NOT adequate breathing |
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Term
| What is respiratory failure? |
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Definition
| When breathing effort is present but insufficient to maintain oxygenation/ventilation |
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Term
| What is respiratory arrest? |
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Definition
| Complete cessation of breathing |
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Term
| When should BVM be initiated? |
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Definition
| Anytime patient has inadequate respirations or apnea |
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Term
| What is the difference between ventilation and oxygenation? |
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Definition
| Ventilation = moving air in/out; Oxygenation = adding O₂ to blood |
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Term
| Suctioning time limit for neonates |
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Definition
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Term
| Airway device usable with clenched jaw |
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Definition
| NPA (nasopharyngeal airway) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Best position for unconscious non-trauma patient |
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Definition
| Recovery position (lateral recumbent) |
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Term
| Stridor usually indicates |
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Definition
| Upper airway obstruction at the larynx |
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Term
| Cause of gastric distention during ventilation |
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Definition
| Excessive ventilation pressure (BVM squeezed too forcefully) |
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Term
| When to use jaw-thrust maneuver |
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Definition
| When spinal injury is suspected |
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Term
| Oxygen concentration in room air |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Low oxygen at tissue level |
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Term
| Definition of respiratory arrest |
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Definition
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Term
| Suctioning time limit for adults |
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Definition
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Term
| Suctioning time limit for children |
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Definition
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Term
| Best way to measure correct OPA size |
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Definition
| From mouth to angle of jaw |
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Term
| When should OPA not be used? |
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Definition
| If patient is unconscious with gag reflex |
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Term
| Main risk of inserting NPA incorrectly |
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Definition
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Term
| What does head tilt–chin lift do? |
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Definition
| Moves tongue from airway (opens airway if no trauma suspected) |
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Term
| Preferred oxygen device for hypoxic patient |
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Definition
| Nonrebreather mask (up to 90% O₂) |
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Term
| What is alveolar ventilation? |
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Definition
| Air reaching alveoli per minute (effective air for gas exchange) |
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Term
| What is dead space ventilation? |
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Definition
| Ventilation with no gas exchange (air in conducting airways) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Max suction time for adults? |
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Definition
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Term
| Max suction time for children? |
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Definition
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Term
| Max suction time for infants? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxygen flow rate for nasal cannula? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxygen concentration for nasal cannula? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxygen flow rate for BVM with reservoir? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxygen concentration for BVM with reservoir? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sellick maneuver (cricoid pressure) is used for? |
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Definition
| To prevent aspiration during intubation |
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Term
| **Front:** What does stridor indicate? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Upper airway narrowing |
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Term
| **Front:** What does snoring suggest in airway assessment? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Upper airway obstruction |
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Term
| **Front:** What position should vomiting patients be placed in? |
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Definition
| **Back:** On their side to protect the airway |
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Term
| **Front:** Why are children's airways more vulnerable? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Smaller diameter and prone to closure from swelling |
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Term
| **Front:** What is the correct method to open the airway? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Head-tilt chin-lift |
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Term
| **Front:** What does a high-pitched voice potentially indicate? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Airway obstruction |
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Term
| **Front:** What is the best way to confirm effective ventilation? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Check for chest rise |
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Term
| **Front:** What does a pinkish-red oral mucosa indicate? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Normal oxygenation |
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Term
| **Front:** What should be done if a patient has a stoma and needs ventilation? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Use adult BVM with pediatric mask |
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Term
| **Front:** What is a challenge when ventilating a stoma patient? |
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Definition
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Term
| **Front:** What is the proper sizing for an OPA? |
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Definition
| **Back:** From mouth to earlobe |
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Term
| **Front:** What should be done before inserting an NPA? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Lubricate the airway |
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Term
| **Front:** What type of oxygen tank is best for bedside delivery? |
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Definition
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Term
| **Front:** When should an oxygen tank be replaced? |
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Definition
| **Back:** When pressure drops to 50 psi |
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Term
| **Front:** What device may be better tolerated by claustrophobic patients? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Nasal cannula — flow rate 1–6 L/min |
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Term
| **Front:** Can a BVM function without an oxygen reservoir? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Yes — with supplemental O₂ 15 L/min |
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Term
| **Front:** What does activation of a relief valve alarm indicate? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Overpressure or malfunction |
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Term
| **Front:** What is included in the secondary assessment? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Medical history |
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Term
| **Front:** What is the purpose of suction equipment? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Clear airway in unconscious or stoma patients |
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Term
| **Front:** What airway device might be needed for allergic reactions? |
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Definition
| **Back:** Pocket mask with supplemental oxygen — flow rate 6–10 L/min |
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Term
| **Front:** What maneuver helps open the airway? |
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Definition
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Term
| **Front:** What is the recommended flow rate for a non-rebreather mask? |
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Definition
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Term
| **Front:** What is the recommended flow rate for a simple face mask? |
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Definition
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Term
| **Front:** What is the recommended flow rate for a nasal cannula? |
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Definition
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Term
| **Front:** What is the recommended flow rate for a BVM with reservoir? |
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Definition
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Term
| **Front:** What is the recommended flow rate for a pocket mask? |
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Definition
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