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| Migrated to North and South America via Siberia through Alaska and the land bridge |
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| Originally a Chinese invention, made it to Europe through the Arabs. Used in cannons and later in firearms. Used to unite Europe. |
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| linen rag paper replaced parchment(thin animal skin) and papyrus. Revolution of spread of knowledge. |
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| Gutenburg press in 1440, first moveable metal type led to multiple copies of books being printed. |
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| Creation of maps and navigational devices (astrolabe) made it easier for Europeans to explore the oceans. Decided the earth is round. |
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| Credited for many years with first discovering America. First thought it was India, subsequent voyages proved him wrong. |
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| Great Biological Exchange |
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| Diseases, Animals, Plants, people from the old world to the new world. potatoes, squash, peppers, corn, vanilla. |
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| Spain claimed all of the Americas as theirs originally. Accord split off Brazil to Portugal by Catholic decree. |
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| System of Spanish convoys of gold ships from Central and South America to Spain. Most famous convoy of 11 ships sank just off the Florida coast in 1715. |
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| Whether people are going to heaven or hell is pre-ordained by God, developed by John Calvin. |
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| Church of England, founded by Henry V111 in England, cross between Calvinism and Catholicism. Archbishop of Canterbury |
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| Elizabeth I reigned from what years? |
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| What were some of Elizabeth I's nicknames or appellations? |
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| Gloriana Regina, Virginia |
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| The Sea Dogs were English pirates commissioned by Elizabeth I of England and were also known as Elizabethan Pirates. They were active from 1560 to 1605. |
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| derives from word for the wooden frame for smoking meat such as manatee. Pirates who attacked Spanish shipping. Also attacked coastal towns |
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| Name Elizabeth I's most famous Sea captain who was instrumental in destroying the Spanish Armada. |
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| Sir Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh |
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| Based in Mexico, one of the biggest Empires, trade, huge cities with organized religion and human sacrifice. Destroyed by the Spaniards. |
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| Native American adobe cliff dwellings |
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| America named after this Italian explorer that recognized South America as a new continent and not Asia. 1499 |
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| 1519. Laid seige to and conquered the Aztecs who thought the spaniards were gods at first. |
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| Spanish term for “conqueror,” applied to European leaders of campaigns in Central and Southern America. |
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| The capital city of the Aztec Empire. which is the site of present-day Mexico City |
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| In 1531, he lead his Spanish soldiers to Peru and conquered the Inca Empire. |
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| System under which officers of the Spanish conquistadores gained ownership of Indian land. |
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| A conquistador who explored the west coast of Florida, western North Carolina, and along the Arkansas river from 1539 till his death in 1542 |
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| European religious movement that challenged the Catholic Church and resulted in the beginnings of Protestant Christianity. |
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| German Theology professor started the protestant movement and reformation of the church. Translated the bible into German |
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| He led the first French effort to colonize North America and explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence and reached as far as present day Montreal on the St. Lawrence River. |
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| A Catholic missionary who renounced the Spanish practice of coercively converting Indians and advocated the better treatment for them. In 1552, he wrote A Brief Relation of the Destruction of the Indies, which described the Spanish’s cruel treatment of the Indians. |
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| The protestant daughter of Henry VIII, she was Queen of England from 1558–1603 and played a major role in the Protestant Reformation. During her long reign, the doctrines and services of the Church of England were defined and the Spanish Armada was defeated. |
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| Papers issued by a government giving permission for a sea captain to engage in acts of piracy against ships of other nations. |
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