Term
| Science is only ___ way of examining human processes, and science helps us to know if: |
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Definition
-> ONE
->If ou ideas aobut the world are wrong |
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Term
| What are the other ways of acquiring knowledge? (4) |
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Definition
- Tenacity
- Authority
- Reason
- Empiricism
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Definition
| Believing something simply because it is what we have long believed |
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Definition
| Relying on other people as our source of knowledge and beliefs |
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Definition
| Rests on the use of logic and rational argument to reach a conclusion about how things "must be" |
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Definition
| The process of acquring knowledge directly through observation and experience |
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Term
Science as a way of knowing
Scientists rely on: ______, _____, and _____
e.g. .. . . . . |
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Definition
Authority
e.g Other scientists
Reasoning
e.g, logic and inductive/deductive reasoning
Empiricism
e.g., systematic observations |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of systematically gathering and evaluating empirical evidence to answer questions and test ideas |
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| What are the Goals of Science? |
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Definition
- description
- Explanation
- prediction
- control
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Term
Explanation
Scientists seek not only to describe Phenomena but also: |
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Definition
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Term
Explanation
What is a Hypothesis? |
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Definition
| A tentative proposition about the causes or outcome of an event or, more generally, about how variables are related |
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Term
Explanation
What is a theory? |
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Definition
| A set of FORMAL statements that secifies HOW and WHY variables or events are related |
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Term
| Causal inferences are possible when three conditions have been met: |
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Definition
- Covariation. - as X changes, Y changes
- Temporal order - change in X occurs before change in Y
- Abesnse of plausible alternative explanations - Other factors that could ahve driven the change in Y can be ruled out.
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Term
The Scientific Approach
Assumes... |
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Definition
| That truth is discoverable |
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Term
The Scientific Approach
is grounded in . . . |
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Definition
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Term
The Scientific Approach
Addresses:
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Definition
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Term
The Scientific Approach:
Strives for...
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Definition
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Term
The Scientific Approach
Requires . . . |
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Definition
| clear definitions and operationism |
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Term
| The scientific approach involves: |
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Definition
| public reporting - ideally in refereed journals |
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Term
| The Scientific approach is _____, not ______ |
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Definition
tentative, not absolute
-theories are challenged and refined |
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Term
| The scientific approach is ______-________ |
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Definition
Self- Correcting
-Operational definitions aid in replication |
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Term
| The scientific approach is only _____ source of knowledge |
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Definition
ONE
-Restricted to empirical questions |
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Term
| What are the two worlds in our study of behaviour and experience? |
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Definition
-Objective, Physical world
-Subjective world of personal psychological experience |
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Term
Studying behaviour and Experience
The challenge: |
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Definition
| To explore andunderstand scientifically the behaviours as well as the experiences of ourselves and others |
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Term
Behaviour: A road into the subective experience
Marker Variable:
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Definition
| an event that occurs along with the process we are studying |
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Term
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Definition
| An outlook that involves questioning the validity of claims before deciding whether to accept them |
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Term
| Skepticism used with critical thinking helps us: |
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Definition
| Evaluate the soundness of the studies and conclusions presented in research reports |
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Term
**black heading
Ask Yourself.. . . . |
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Definition
What claim is being made?
What is the source of the claim?
Can I gather info about source credibility?
What supporting evidence is offered?
What is the quality of the evidence?
Are there plausible alternative explanations for the findings?
Are the interpretations of the findings reasonable?
What additional evidence is needed to reach a clearer conclusion?
Given the current state of the evidence, what conclusion is most reasonable? |
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