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Definition
| The conflict model says that the interests of criminal justice agencies tend to make actors within the system self-serving. |
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Definition
| In some states, the prosecutor may seek to continue the case against a defendant by filing information with the court. |
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| Evidence-based practice refers to crime-fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and is based on social science research. |
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Definition
| The crime epidemic of 1850–1880 was related to social upheaval caused by large-scale immigration and the Civil War. |
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Definition
| During the 1960s and 1970s an emphasis on individual rights was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in reported criminal activity. |
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Definition
| The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) experienced surprisingly little fraud after the Katrina disaster. |
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Definition
| In the mid-1980s, the sale and use of illicit drugs was at an all-time low. |
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Definition
| Public-order advocates support the interests of society over individual rights. |
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Definition
| Individual-rights advocates primarily seek to protect personal freedoms and civil rights within the society, and especially within the criminal justice process. |
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Definition
| Criminal justice is “truth in action” within the process of administration of justice. |
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Term
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Definition
| Criminology is the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders. |
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Term
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Definition
| The dual goals of crime control and due process are often assumed to be opposing goals. |
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Definition
| Civil justice concerns itself with fairness in relationships among citizens, government agencies, and businesses in private matters. |
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Term
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Definition
| The systems model of criminal justice is an accurate representation of how the criminal justice system works. |
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Term
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Definition
| The adjudication period involves a variety of sentences that can be imposed on a defendant. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tension between individual rights and social responsibility does NOT form the basis for policymaking activities in the criminal justice arena. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first ten amendments of the United States Constitution are collectively known as the Bill of Rights. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contemporary multiculturalism and social diversity draw attention to racial, ethnic, subcultural, generational, faith, economic, and gender lines. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which model assumes that the system’s subcomponents work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice? |
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Term
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Definition
| A(n) ________ issued by a judge provides the legal basis for an apprehension of suspects by police. |
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Term
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Definition
| ________ is the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which stage in the criminal justice process involves taking pictures and fingerprints of the suspect? |
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Term
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Definition
| During arrest and before questioning, defendants are usually advised of their ________. |
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Term
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Definition
| In case of indictment, who hears evidence presented by the prosecutor and decides whether the case should go to trial? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which model emphasizes individual rights? |
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Term
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Definition
Which of the following terms is defined as an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life?
a. criminal justice
b. vigilante justice
c. social justice
d. civil justice |
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Term
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Definition
| Which model emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders? |
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Term
| cultural beliefs of right and wrong |
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Definition
| Criminal justice involves all of the following elements, EXCEPT________. |
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Term
| seek to determine whether there is probable cause |
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Definition
| At the preliminary hearing, the judge will ________. |
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Term
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Definition
| The American criminal justice process begins with ________. |
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Term
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Definition
| At arraignment, the defendant cannot plead ________. |
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Term
| individual-rights advocates |
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Definition
| Which of the following advocates would support the protection of personal freedoms and civil rights? |
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Term
a partial tribunal having jurisdictional authority |
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Definition
Due process includes all of the following basic elements, EXCEPT________.
a. an opportunity to defend
b. a trial according to established procedure
c. a partial tribunal having jurisdictional authority
d. an accusation in proper form |
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Term
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Definition
Which of the following advocates would support the interests of society over those of an individual?
a. due-process advocates
b. individual-rights advocates
c. consensus model advocates
d. public-order advocates |
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Term
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Definition
| An offender who has served a portion of a prison sentence may be freed on ________. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bernard Madoff’s operation of a Ponzi scheme is an example of ________. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the following terms means procedural fairness? |
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Term
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Definition
| In the criminal justice process, a(n) ________ has to occur before a(n) ________ can take place. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which stage of the criminal justice process is an adversarial process that pits the prosecution against the defense? |
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Term
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Definition
| Criminal justice refers to the aspects of ________ ________ that concern violations of criminal law. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which model of criminal justice assumes that the efforts of the component parts of the system are fragmented, leading to a criminal justice nonsystem? |
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Term
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Definition
| One purpose of ________ is to provide an opportunity for bail. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which Supreme Court era is remembered for its concern with protecting the innocent against massive power of the state in criminal proceedings? |
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Term
| b. USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 |
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Definition
Which of the following acts was enacted in response to the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001?
a. United States Terrorism Act of 2001
b. USA PATRIOT Act of 2001
c. Armed Forces Act of 2001
d. Civil Defense Act of 2001 |
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Term
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Definition
| Who created a cabinet-level “drug czar” position to coordinate the “war on drugs”? |
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Term
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Definition
| ________ describes a society that is home to a multitude of different cultures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiculturalism is usually linked with what other term? |
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Term
| b. It encouraged scientific research into the operation of the criminal justice system. |
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Definition
Which statement does NOT correspond to early criminal justice education?
a. It was a kind of extension of on-the-job training for working practitioners.
b. It encouraged scientific research into the operation of the criminal justice system.
c. It focused on the application of general management principles to the administration of police agencies.
d. It came to be seen as a practical field of study concerned largely with issues of organizational effectiveness. |
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Term
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Definition
| ________ refers to crime-fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research. |
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