are commonly used to treat high blood pressure

derivative of a chemical found in the venom of the brazilian arrowhead viper

the crystal jelly which produces a green flourescent protein (GFP)

used by reseachers to study gene expression and to determine the locations of proteins in cells 

the soil bacterim which naturally produes streptomycin that kills competing bateria in the soil

doctors adminster to treat baterial infections

cells and organization

energy use and metabolism

response to environmental changes

regulation and homeostasis

growth and development

reproduction

biological evolution

all organisms are made of cells

cells are the smallest units of life

cells come from pre-existing cells called cell division 

• segments of DNA
• govern the characteristics or traits of organisms

• smallest unhit of an element that has the chemical properties of the element
• all mater is composed of

• many molecules bonded togethe to form a polymer suc as a polypeptide
• carbphydrates, proteins and nucleis acids (DNA,RNA) found in living organisms

• molecules and macromolecules associate with each other to form larger structures such as membranes

• biolgists classify organisms
• related group of organisms that share a distinctive form and set of attributes in nature

Biological Community

assemblage of populations of different species

types of species found in a community are determined by the environmen and by the interactions of species with each other.

ECOSYSTEM

formed by interactions of a community of organisms with their physical environmen

t

all of the places on the Earth where living organisms exist. Life is found in the air in bodies of water, on the land, and in the soil

.

Evolutionary change occurs by two mechanisms

• vertical descent with mutation and horizontal gene transfer.

• occur between members of different species.
• genes that confer antibiotic resistance are some ­transferred between different bacterial species

• refers to the complete genetic composition of an organism

• Stores information in a stable form
• Provides continuity from generation to generation
• Acts as an instrument of evolutionary change

are largely responsible for the structure and function of cells and complete organisms.

Enzymes:

Proteins function as enzymes to synthesize and break down cellular molecules and macromolecules.

Cell signaling:

Proteins are .needed

for cell signaling with , other cells and with

the environment.

• involves reducing complex systems to simpler components as a way to understand how the system works
• In bilology it is the study the parts of a cell or organism as individual units.

• tools that allow us to study groups of genes

• tools that allow us to study groups of genes

• research aimed at understanding how the properties of life arise by complex interactions.
•  This term is often applied to the study of cells.

• is a proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon.
• It is a proposition based on previous observations or experimen­tal studies.

1. consis­ncy with a vast amount of known data and
2. (2) the ability to make many correct predictions.

. to be true.

1. . First, data are often collected in two parallel manners. One set of experiments is done on the control group, while another set is conducted on the experi- I mental group

• which biologists collect and analyze data in an attempt to make discoveries that are not hypothesis driven.

• hypothesis is stated and the experiment and resulting data are presented.