Term
| Form of off-line or indirect medical control where you perform certain predefined procedures before contacting the physician. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some EMS system medical directors may not allow paramedics to perform certain procedures (administering certain narcotics) before making contact with him or her. |
|
Definition
| Online (Direct) Medical Control 469 |
|
|
Term
| How many times should you read the drug label before administering any drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The practice of preventing contamination of the patient by using aseptic technique. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A method of cleansing used to prevent contamination of a site when you are performing an invasive procedure, such as starting an IV line. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What refers to the destruction of all living organisms and is achieved by using heat, gas, or chemicals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site called on a patient's hand that has been cleaned with iodine and alcohol before staring an IV line? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ may be accomplished through the use of sterilization of equipment, antiseptics, or disinfectants. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used to cleanse an are before performing an invasive procedure such as IV therapy or medication administration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 most common antiseptics you will use in the field? |
|
Definition
| Isopropyl Alcohol (Rubbing Alcohol), Iodine, and 2% Chlorhexdine Gluconate (ChloraPrep) 472 |
|
|
Term
| What is capable of destroying pathogens, but are not toxic to living tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxic to living tissue and should never be used on a patient. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cleaning product should be used on nonliving objects such as the inside of the ambulance, laryngoscope blades, and other nondisposable equipment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first rule is to treat any body fluid as being potentially infectious. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease according to the CDC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is any contaminated item that can cause injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can only exist in a special balanced environment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cell membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ability to selectively allow certain compounds into the cell based on the cell's current needs. |
|
Definition
| Selective Permeability 473 |
|
|
Term
| Constitutes 60% of teh weight of an adult. |
|
Definition
| Total Body Water (TBW) 473 |
|
|
Term
| What serves as a transport medium for nutrients, hormones, and waste materials? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is composed mostly of water, provides the environment where the chemical reactions necessary for life take place. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normally accounts for 45% of body weight. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Accounts for 15% of body weight. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of fluid that extracellular fluid is divided into? |
|
Definition
| Interstitial Fluid ad Intravascular Fluid 473 |
|
|
Term
| Accounts for about 10.5% of body weight. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are special fluid collections of interstitial fluid? |
|
Definition
| CSF and Intraocular Fluid 473 |
|
|
Term
| Normally accounts for 4.5% of body weight. |
|
Definition
| Intravascular Fluid (Plasma) 473 |
|
|
Term
| What is the water that is bathing the cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the water within the blood vessels, carries red blood cells, white blood cells, and vital nutrients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fluids in the body are composed of dissolved elements and water, a combination known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fluid that does the dissolving, or the solution that contains the dissolved components. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The dissolved particles contained in the solvent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the universal solvent in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two or more atoms that bond together form what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Charged atoms or compounds that result from the loss or gain of an electron. These are ions that the body uses to perform cerain critical metabolic functions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Charged atoms or compounds that results from the loss or gain of an electron. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pertaining to the breakdown of ingested foodstuffs into smaller and smaller molecules and atoms that are used as energy sources for cellular function. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Electrolytes with a positive charge. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Electrolytes with a negative charge. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The unit of measurement for electrolytes and it represents the chemical combining power of the ion and is based on the number of available ionic charges in an electrolyte solution. |
|
Definition
| Milliequivalent (mEq) 473 |
|
|
Term
| An ion that contains one charge. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An ion that contains two charges. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is the principal extracellular cation needed to regulate the distribution of water throughout the body in the intravascular and interstitial fluid compartments. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of the body's potassium is found inside the cells of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the principal intracellular cation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What plays a major role in neuromuscular function and in the conversion of glucose into glycogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mechanism by which the cell brings in 2 potassium ions and releases 3 sodium ions. |
|
Definition
| Sodium-Potassium Pump 474 |
|
|
Term
| What helps the sodium-potassium pump? |
|
Definition
| Insulin and Epinephrine 474 |
|
|
Term
| Leads to decreased skeletal muscle funtion, GI disturbances, and alterations in cardiac function. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can lead to hyperstimulation of neural cell transmission, resulting in cardiac arrest. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the principal cation needed for bone growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It plays an important part in the functioning of heart muscle, nerves, and cell membranes and is necessary for proper blood clotting. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can lead to overstimulation of nerve cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Skeletal muscle cramps, abdominal cramps, carpopedal spasms, hypotension, and vasoconstriction are signs and symptoms of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hand or foot spasms; usually the result hyperventilation or hypocalcemia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can lead to decreased stimulation of nerve cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Skeletal muscle weakness, lethargy, ataxia, vasodilation, and hot, flushed skin are signs and symptoms of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A staggered walk or gait. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ has important role as a coenzyme in the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acts in a manner similar to calcium in controlling neromuscular irritability. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary buffer used in all circulating body fluids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are a determining factor between metabolic acidosis and alkalosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What regulates the pH of the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What regulates the extracellular fluid levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an important component in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the body's powerful energy source? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are solutes the have no electrical charge? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 nonelectrolytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal concentration of glucose in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is created when concentrations of charges or compounds are greater on one side of the cell membrane than on the other side? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The natural tendency for materials is to flow from an area of higher concetration to one of lower concentration, establishes a _______. |
|
Definition
| Concentration Gradient 474 |
|
|
Term
| When compounds or charges concentrated on one side of a cell membrane move across it to an area of lower concentration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another type of diffusion that is commonly used by the kidneys to clean blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that signals the kidneys to prevent excretion of water. |
|
Definition
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) 475 |
|
|
Term
| A method used to move compounds to create or maintain an imbalance of charges and must use energy in the form of ATP. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The rapid movement of electrolytes across a cell membrane that changes the cell's overall charge. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This rapid shifting of electrolytes and cellular charges is the main catalyst for muscle contraction and neural transmissions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of movement is the sodium-potassium pump? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The movement of water across a membrane and occurs when there are different concentrations on each side of a membrane, and equal numbers of molecules on either side are displaced to the other side. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Water moves from the solution of lower solute concentration to the solution of higher solute concentration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The osmotic pressure of a solution, based on the relationship between sodium and water inside and outside the cell, that takes advantage of their chemical and osmotic properties to move water to areas of higher sodium concentration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The balance of all body systems of the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much fluid does a healthy person lose daily through urine output, the lungs (exhalation), and through the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cardinal sign of overhydration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is defined as inadequate total systemic fluid volume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decreased level of consciousness, postural hypotension, tachypnea, dry mucous membrane, decreased urine output, tachycardia, poor skin turgor, and flused, dry skin are signs and symptoms of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diarrhea, vomiting, GI drainage, infections, metabolic disorders such as diabetic ketoacidosis, hemorrhage, environmental emergencies, high caffine diet, and insufficient fluid intake can cause what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the body's total systemic fluid volume increases. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluid is lost from the vascular compartment, the body reacts by shifting interstitial fluid into the vascular area; fluid also shifts from the intracellular to the extracellular compartments. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluid fills the vascular compartments, filters into the interstitial compartments, and is forced from the engorged interstitial compartment into the intracellular compartment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shortness of breath, puffy eyelids, edema, polyuria, moist crackles (rales), and acute weight gain are signs and symptoms of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unmonitored IVs (in pediatrics), kidney failure, water intoxication in endurance sports, and prolonged hypoventilation can cause what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 IV categories? |
|
Definition
| Crystalloid or Colloid 477 |
|
|
Term
| Dissolved crystals (salts or sugars) in water. |
|
Definition
| Crystalloid Solutions 477 |
|
|
Term
| What is the 3-to-1 replacement rule? |
|
Definition
| 3 mL of isotonic crystalloid solution is needed to replace 1 mL of a patients blood. 477 |
|
|
Term
| What is the body's internal blood-clotting mechanism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contain molecules (usually proteins) that are too large to pass out of the capillary membranes and, therefore, remain in the vascular compartment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 categories related to tonicity? |
|
Definition
| Isotonic, Hypotonic, and Hypertonic 478 |
|
|
Term
| What kind of IV soluiton is 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) and LR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of IV solution is 5% dextrose in water (D5W)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of IV solution is 9.0% saline, blood products, and albumin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the effects of osmotic pressure on a cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is the concentration of sodium in a solution and the movement of water in relation to the sodium levels inside and outside the cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Has the same concentration of sodium as does the cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Has a greater concentration of sodium then does the cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Has a lower concentration of sodium than does the cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ability to influence the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is 0.9% sodium chloride? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of patient's are at greater risk for fluid overloading? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can increase preload and in turn increase the workload of the heart, causing fluid to back in the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is contraindicated for nitro, nitroprusside, norepinephrine, propranolol, and methylprednisone infusions. |
|
Definition
| Lactated Ringers (LR) Solution 478 |
|
|
Term
| What is usually administered when you are preparing medication infusions such as dopamine (Intropin) or amiodarone (Cordorone). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The shifting of fluid into the tissues, creating edema. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The amount of charged particles found in a particular area. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best fluid to replace blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does intravenous mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most important point to remember about IV therapy? |
|
Definition
| Keep IV equipment sterile 479 |
|
|
Term
| Cannulation of a vein with an IV catheter to access the patient's vascular system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The insertion of a catheter, such as into a vein to allow for fluid flow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cannulating veins of the periphery, that is, those that can be seen and/or palpated. |
|
Definition
| Peripheral Vein Cannulation 479 |
|
|
Term
| In the prehospital setting, the choice of IV solution is usually limited to two isotonic crystalloids, ___ and ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intravenous solutions that do not cause a fluid shift into or out of the cell. |
|
Definition
| Isotonic Crystalloids 479 |
|
|
Term
| What are the two ports that an IV bag has? |
|
Definition
| Injection port for medication and Access port for administration set 479 |
|
|
Term
| When does the IV bag have to be used after it has been removed from its sterile packing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A sealed hub on an administration set designed for sterile access to the IV fluid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the fluid volumes commonly used in hospitals? |
|
Definition
| 1000 mL, 500 mL, 250 mL, 100 mL, and 50 mL 480 |
|
|
Term
| What are the fluid volumes commonly used in the prehospital setting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Moves the fluid from the IV bag into the patient's vascular system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The hard, sharpened plastic spike on the end of the administration set designed to pierce the sterile membrane of the IV bag. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two primary sizes for administration sets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A unit of measure that indicates drops. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The area of the administration set where fluid accumulates so that the tubing remains filled with fluid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Allows 60 ggt per mL through a neddlelike orifice inside the drip chamber. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Allows 10 or 15 ggt/mL through a large opening between the piercing spike and the drip chamber. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A macrodrip administration set that is designed to facilitate rapid replacement by manual infusion of multiple IV bags or IV and blood replacement combinations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A special type of microdrip set that features a 100- or 200-mL calibrated drip chamber; used for fluid regulation in patients prone to circulatory overload, such as pediatric and elderly patients. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ can be recognized as small bumps located in the vein. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ are points where one vein may split into two. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What areas should you avoid when choosing an IV site? |
|
Definition
| Valves and Bifurcations 482 |
|
|
Term
| The development of a stationary blood clot in the venous circulation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A blood clot or foreign matter trapped within the pulmonary circulation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 most common catheters used in the prehospital setting? |
|
Definition
| Over-the-needle and Butterfly 483 |
|
|
Term
| A Teflon catheter inserted over a hollow needle. |
|
Definition
| Over-the-needle Catheter 483 |
|
|
Term
| A hollow, stainless steel needle wit two plastic wings to facilitate its handling. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plastic catheters inserted through a hollow needle and are rarely used in the prehospital setting. |
|
Definition
| Through-the-needle (Intracaths) Catheters 483 |
|
|
Term
| The internal diameter of an IV catheter or needle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most common lengths of over-the-needle catheters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a paramedic punctures his or her skin with the same catheter that was used to cannulate the vein of a patient. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A type of surgical drain often used as a constricting band. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The area of the IV catheter that fills with blood to help indicate when a vein is cannulated. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should you change the IV bag? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Special types of IV devices that eliminate the need to hang a bag of IV fluid. Used for medication therapy that does not need fluid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long will the tubing range on saline locks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much normal saline is kept in the saline lock to prevent blood clotting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Veins on the leg that are large, twisted, and ropelike and can cause pain, swelling, or itching. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What problems are associated with IV therapy? |
|
Definition
| Local or Systemic Reactions 492 |
|
|
Term
| Reactions that affect systems of the body and can include; allergice reaction, circulatory overload, air embolus, vasovagal reaction, and catheter shear. |
|
Definition
| Systemic Complications 492 |
|
|
Term
| Reactions that occur in a localized area and can include; infiltration and thrombophlebitis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the escape of fluid into the surrounding tissue, which causes a localized area of edema? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the physical blockage of a vein or catheter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What usually causes vein irritation? |
|
Definition
| Too-Rapid Infusion Rate 493 |
|
|
Term
| What is inflammation of the vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an accumulation of blood in the tissues surrounding an IV site, often resulting from vein perforation or improper catheter removal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are foreign proteins cable of producing a fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is characterized by an abrupt temperature elevation with severe chills, backache, headache, weakness, nausea, and vomiting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much extra fluid can a healthy adult handle without compromise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of circulatory overload in the prehospital setting? |
|
Definition
| Failure to readjust the drip rate after flusing an IV line immediately after insertion 495 |
|
|
Term
| What are signs and symptoms of circulatory overload? |
|
Definition
| Dyspnea, JVD, and Hypertension 495 |
|
|
Term
| How much air can a healthy adult tolerate being introduced into the circulatory system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Feature of an IV catheter (or any other object) that allows it to appear on a radiograph. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What order are the blood tubes? |
|
Definition
| Red, Blue, Green, and Lavender 496 |
|
|
Term
| Which blood tube contains no additives and is intended to clot if blood typing is needed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which blood tube contains the preservative EDTA and is used to help determine a patient's prothrombin time and parital thromboplastin time (calculate patient' blood clotting time)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which blood tube is filled with heparin to prevent clotting and is used to elevate the patient's electrolyte and glucose levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which blood tube is filled with sodium citrate and are often used for a complete blood count, including hematocrit and hemoglubin values? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which blood tube should you avoid shaking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How full should blood tube be filled to be viable for testing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What means within the bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a technique of administering fluids, blood and blood products, and medications into the intraosseous space of the proximal tibia, humeral head, or sternum? |
|
Definition
| Intraosseous (IO) Infusion 497 |
|
|
Term
| What is the SHAFT of the long bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the ends of the long bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the growth plate of long bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What collectively comprises the spongy cancellous bone of the epiphyses and the medullary cavity of the diaphysis? |
|
Definition
| Intraosseous (IO) Space 497 |
|
|
Term
| What is the IO space commonly referred to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When doing an IO, what could happen from undetected extravasation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is inflammation of the bone and muscle caused by an infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the percent that osteomyelitis occurs when performing an IO? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should you suspect a patient might be having a PE? |
|
Definition
| Acute shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, and cyanosis 500 |
|
|
Term
| What is a congenital disease rusulting in fragile bones? |
|
Definition
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta 501 |
|
|
Term
| What is the first rule of medicine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The amount of fluid you have on hand, such as the amount of fluid in an IV bag or the amount of fluid in a vial of medication. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medcation administration that involves the medication passing through a portion of the gastrointestinal tract. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tubes that are commonly inserted in patients in the prehospital setting to decompress the stomach; can also be used to administer certain enteral medications. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A route of medication administration that involves any route other than the gastrointestinal tract. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breakable steril glass containers that are designed to carry a single dose of medication. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are small glass or plastic bottles with a rubber-stopper top; they may contain a single or multiple dose of a medication? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What involves injecting the sterile water from one vial into the vial that contains the powder, thereby makeing a solution for injection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a single vial divided into two compartments by a rubber stopper? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are single-dose disposable medication cartridges that are inserted into a reusable syringe commonly referred to by? |
|
Definition
| Brand names (Tubex, Aboject, and Carpuject) 515 |
|
|
Term
| What are injections that involve administering a small amount of medication-typically less than 1 mL-into the dermal layer, just beneath the epidermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the correct angle to insert administer medication via the intradermal route? |
|
Definition
| 10-15 degree angle bevel up 516 |
|
|
Term
| What are injections given into the loose connective tissue between the dermis and the muscle layer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the correct angle to insert administer medication via the subcutaneous route? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are common sites for subcutaneous injections? |
|
Definition
| Upper arms, anterior thighs, and abdomen 517 |
|
|
Term
| What is usually the volume administered via the subcutaneous injection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the volume administered via the intramuscular injection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are common sites for the intramuscular injection? |
|
Definition
| Vastus laeralis muscle, rectus femoris muscle, gluteal area, and deltoid muscle 519 |
|
|
Term
| What injections are given by penetrating a needle through the dermis and subcutaneous tissue and into the muscle layer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the correct angle to insert administer medication via the intramuscular route? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A term used to describe "in one mass"; in medication administration, a single dose given by IV or IO route; may be a small or large quantity of the drug. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A sleeve placed around the IV bag and inflated to force fluid from the IV bag. |
|
Definition
| Pressure infuser device 524 |
|
|
Term
| What route of administration are medications applie to and absorbed through the skin and mucous membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some percutaneous routes fo medication? |
|
Definition
| Transdermal, sublingual, buccal, ocular, aural, and nasal routes 526 |
|
|
Term
| Medications that are applied topically-that is, on the surface of the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the network of veins called under the tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the highly vascular region between the cheek and gums? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long should you advise the patient to close their eyes for after assisting with ocular medication? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of long-term vascular access devices? |
|
Definition
| Non-tunneling and Implanted 532 |
|
|
Term
| What are devices that have been inserted by direct venipuncture through the skin directly into a selected vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Devices that are implanted in surgery, sutured under the skin, for the purpose of long-term medication administration. |
|
Definition
| Implanted Vascular Access Device (VAD) 533 |
|
|
Term
| What is the onset of action via the intraosseous route? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the onset of action via the intravenous route? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the onset of action via the endotracheal route? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the onset of action via the inhalation route? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the onset of action via the nasal mucosal atomization (MAD) route? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the onset of action via the intramuscular injection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the onset of action via the subcutaneous injection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the onset of action via the rectal route? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the onset of action via the oral route? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the onset of action via the topical route? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 rights of medication administration? |
|
Definition
| Patient, Drug, Dose, Route, Time and Documentation 469 |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 ways to make sure the drug is correct? |
|
Definition
| What it is still in the drug box it came in, when you prepare the drug for administration, before actually administering the drug to the patient 470 |
|
|
Term
| What is the last step before administering a medication? |
|
Definition
| Making sure the expiration date has not passed 470 |
|
|
Term
| What 2 things make up a solution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 things make up solutes? |
|
Definition
| Electrolytes and nonelectrolytes 473 |
|
|
Term
| What kind of molecules contain carbon atoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What molecules do not contain carbon atoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the body's main cations? |
|
Definition
| Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium 473 |
|
|
Term
| What are the body's main anions? |
|
Definition
| Bicarbonate, Chloride, and Phosphorus 473 |
|
|
Term
| What prevents the loss of water from the kidneys by causing its reabsorbtion into the tubules? |
|
Definition
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) 475 |
|
|
Term
| The healthy body maintains a delicate balance between intake and output of fluids and electrolytes, ensuring that the internal environment remain fairly constant. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the internal environment's resistance to change? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ha is the concentration of sodium in the cells of the body? |
|
Definition
| Approximately 0.9% 476-477 |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of colloid solutions? |
|
Definition
| Albumin, Dextran, Plasmanate, and hetastarch (Hespan) 477 |
|
|
Term
| What is the concentration of sodium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is generally used in the field for paitents who have lost large amounts of blood? |
|
Definition
| Lactated Ringer's (LR) 478 |
|
|
Term
| What type of patients shoud not be giving LR solution? |
|
Definition
| Liver Problems, liver cannot metabolize the lactate 478 |
|
|
Term
| What is considered an isotopic solution while still in the bag? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What turns into a hypotonic solution when administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has a lower concentration of sodium (osmolarity) than the cell's sodium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an abnormal fluid shift into the serous lining? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has an osmolarity higher than that of serum, meaning that the solution has more ionic concentration than serum and pulls fluid and electrolytes from the intracellular and interstitial compartments into the intravascular compartment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of patient should not be administered hypertonic solutions? |
|
Definition
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis or Risk of cellular dehydration 479 |
|
|
Term
| How far above the site should you place the constricting band? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of a patient's tidal volume can they draw in through an open external jugular vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you do if you accidentally cannulate an artery? |
|
Definition
| Immediately withdrawal, apply direct pressure for at least 5 mins or until bleeding stops 494 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long after the IV has been started will the patient have a pyrogenic reaction? |
|
Definition
| Usually within 30 minutes 494 |
|
|
Term
| What is a painful condition that occurs when pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common solution to be administered through gastric tubes during interfacility transports? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What specially designed container is daiazepam (Valium) marketed for rectal medication administration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Subcutaneous and intramuscular injections should not be given to what type of patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs require an initial bolus and then may require a continuous IV infusion to maintain a therapeutic level of the drug? |
|
Definition
| Lidocaine and Amiodarone 521 |
|
|
Term
| What drug can cause a burning sensation if given too fast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug may cause tinnitus if given too rapidly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has a half-life of 10 seconds and must be pushed rapidly to reach the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What size bolus flush should you give after administering medication through IV bolus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the amount of solution remaining to be infused? |
|
Definition
| Volume to be Infused (VTBI) 524 |
|
|
Term
| What is the amount of solution that has already been administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should you pull the ear in adults for the administration of aural medications? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should you pull the ear in infants and children for the administration of aural medications? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What attaches to a syringe and allows you to spray (atomize) select medications into the nasal mucosa? |
|
Definition
| Mucosal Atomizer Device (MAD) 528 |
|
|
Term
| What medications can be given intranasally? |
|
Definition
| naloxone (Narcan), midazolam (Versed), gucagon (GlucaGen), ketorlac (Toradol), flumazenil (Romazicon), and fentanyl citrate 528 |
|
|
Term
| How much more should intranasal require compare to the IV route? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the only 4 medications that are approved to be given through the ET tube? |
|
Definition
| Lidocane, Epinephrine, Atropine, and naloxone (Narcan) (LEAN) 531 |
|
|
Term
| How much saline should be mixed with medication when administering down an ET tube? |
|
Definition
|
|
