Term
| What New Yorker established the "Albany Regency"? |
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Definition
| Van Buren built a democratically controlled, well-disciilnped party organization that brought him political power |
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Term
| Who led the wing of the Jeffersonian Republicans in New York known as the Bucktails? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Martin Van Buren's goal as a Bucktail? |
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Definition
| To build a new kind of political party based on mass participation |
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Term
| What did the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1821 do? |
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Definition
-Expanded suffrage sot hat over 4/5 of adult males could vote
-Reduced the governor's ability to gain power by rewarding influential backers
-Reformed the State Constitution of 1777
-Established a more democratic system in party and state |
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Term
| What resulted from changes to voting rules in the United States by 1840? |
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Definition
| Almost universal white manhood suffrage |
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Term
| Where could free African American men vote before 1865? |
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Definition
| They could vote in five New England states |
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Term
| What came to a dramatic end with the 1824 election? |
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Definition
| The 1824 election marked an end to the political truce of the Era of Good Feelings. 4 candidates ran for presidency. |
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Term
| With what phrase did the election of 1824 become identified in the public mind? |
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Definition
| Though Andrew Jackson had the most popular votes, John Q. Adams won as a result of the so-called "corrupt bargain". |
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Term
| Who were the presidential candidates in 1824? |
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Definition
| Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, William Crawford |
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Term
| Why was the election of 1824 controversial? |
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Definition
-It seemed that Jackson should have won
-The whole political system was changing from personal to popular politics
-The party practice of selecting candidates had broken down
-Too many candidates were allowed into the race |
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Term
| What developements contributed to the expansion of the right to vote in the United States? |
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Definition
-The movement westward and equality of frontier
-The observation of propertyless men during War of 1812 could fight, not vote.
-The competition for votes among politicians and party factions
-The undermining of the traditional authority structures in older states |
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Term
| What is the period from 1817 to 1824 often called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of candidates were favored by the new popular democratic culture of the 1820s and 1830s? |
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Definition
| It favored candidates with name recognition and popular images |
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Term
| Why was Jackson elected in 1828? |
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Definition
-His defeat of the Indians during the War of 1812
-His reputation as a war hero from Battle of New Orleans
-His outsider common man status compared to Adams
-His popular appeal |
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Term
| To what does the phrase "King Mob" refer? |
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Definition
| His inauguration brought out a mob of well-wishers whose unruly behavior led critics to fear this was the beginning of the reign of "King Mob". |
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Term
| What was the "Kitchen Cabinet"? |
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Definition
| The informal group of personal advisors for Jackson favored over Cabinet members |
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Term
| What does the Eaton affair show in regard to Jackson? |
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Definition
| It showed how Jackson treated disagreements as personal attacks. |
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Term
| Who was the politician with the nickname "Cast-Iron Man"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Henry Clay's American System include? |
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Definition
-A national bank
-Federally funded improvements for:
*railroads
*roads and canals
-A protective tariff
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Term
| Which politician became known as the great advocate for the West? |
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Definition
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Term
| What political issue of the 1830s centered on the fundamental problem of how to balance the interests of the states against the interests of the nation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What issue of the 1820s and 1830s came to represent conflicting sectional interests most? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the protective Tariff of 1828 called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were southerners particularly angry about this tariff? |
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Definition
| It was used as a means of gaining support for Jackson for presidential election |
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Term
| Why did southern planters generally oppose tariffs? |
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Definition
| -They feared Europeans might respond with tariffs on cotton -They thought tariffs were unconstitutional -They had to both pay higher prices and provide unfair support to Washington -They believed in the principal of free trade |
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Term
| Who wrote The South Carolina Exposition and Protest? |
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Definition
| John C. Calhoun wrote a defense of the doctrine of nullification claiming states could refuse to enforce laws they deemed unconstitutional. |
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Term
| Why did Calhoun support the doctrine of nullification? |
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Definition
| He saw it as a way to protect the rights of minorities. |
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Term
| According to Van Buren, what did Jackson's agenda include? |
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Definition
| -Destroying the Second Bank of the United States -Moving the Indians West of the Mississippi River -Stopping the federal support of the internal improvements -Ending abuses related to internal national improvements |
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Term
| In what case did Chief Justice John Marshall rule in favor of Cherokee sovereignty and against Georgia? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what ways did the Cherokee seem to prove by 1830 that they had assimilated fairly throughly, as official United States policy recommended? |
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Definition
-They had high literacy in English
-They held slaves
-They tried to resolve differences by legal means
-They ran businesses |
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Term
| What was the forced removal of the Cherokee from the East to Indian Territory known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the removal of the Indians to west of the Mississippi reveal? |
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Definition
| It revealed how harsh majority rule could be |
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Term
| What was the purpose of Henry Clay's American System? |
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Definition
| to enable the development of the West of the national market |
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Term
| After the veto of the Maysville Road Bill, how were internal improvements such as roads and canals built? |
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Definition
| Mostly with funding from state and local governments |
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Term
| How did state funding for internal improvements contribute to financial instability? |
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Definition
| Subsequent defaults on loans |
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Term
| What principle did the Marshall Court use in cases such as Gibbons vs. Ogden? |
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Definition
| The principle that the forces of supply and demand should determine outcomes |
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Term
| What did the dispute over whether to renew the charter of the Second Bank of the United Sates become known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did the Second Bank of the United States become a divisive political issue? |
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Definition
| Jackson portrayed the Bank as the enemy of the people and a tool of the elite. |
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Term
| What was the first third party in United States history and what was it a sign of? |
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Definition
| The Anti-Masonic Party and sign of widespread Anti-elite sentiment that helped elect Jackson |
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Term
| Why did the new political party of the 1830s call itself the Whig Party? |
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Definition
| That was the name of those opposed to royal absolutism in England |
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Term
| Why did the Whig Party and a second two-party system develop? |
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Definition
| In opposition to Jackson's acts based on claims of greatest presidential power |
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Term
| What was the organization in the 1830s of American political debate into two camps, each of which had to appeal to people of all classes in all regions, known as? |
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Definition
| The Second American Party System |
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Term
| What name did the Whigs attach to Jackson? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the popular name for the economic theory that says economic decisions should be made by market forces? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Jackson make the Bank of the United States' death certain? |
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Definition
| He transferred the governments deposits to pet banks. |
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Term
| What was the financial collapse that followed the speculative boom after Jackson killed the Second Bank of the United States called? |
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Definition
| The death of the Bank led to feverish speculation and the Panic of 1837 |
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Term
| What was the Specie Circular? |
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Definition
| Jackson's directive that the government would accept payment for public lands only in gold and silver |
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Term
| What nickname was given to Martin Van Buren? |
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Definition
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Term
| What caused the financial collapse of 1837? |
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Definition
| It was partly the result of Jackson killing the Second Bank of the United States and the issuing of the Species Circular |
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Term
| With what were Democrats, after Jackson, identified? |
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Definition
| -Westward expansion -A dislike for big business -Indian removal -Freedom on the frontier |
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Term
| What did the Whigs favor? |
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Definition
-A strong central government
-The protective tariff
-Government advocacy of a more moral society
-Internal improvements |
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Term
| What was the Whigs campaign slogan in 1840? |
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Definition
| "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" |
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Term
| Why did the Whigs win the presidency in 1840? |
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Definition
-William Henry Harrison, like Jackson, had been an Indian fighter
-The Whigs made Harrison sound like a common man
-The Whigs used massive campaign rallies and parades
-They nominated a Southerner for Vice President |
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Term
| Who took over after Harrison died, and what were his policies like? |
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Definition
| John Tyler assumed office and virtually reversed the election by his policies |
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Term
| What elements of American culture reflected the culture of Jacksonian America - of the common man in a hurry to get ahead? |
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Definition
-The scandal filled pages of the penny papers
-The self-sufficiency advocated by Emerson's lectures
-The sanctity of The Methodist Christian Advocate
-The artwork of Western painters such as Karl Bodmer and George Catlin |
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Term
| Who invented the telegraph? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cultural productions reflect the tendency to reform society in Jacksonian America? |
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Definition
-The temperance dime novels such as Walt Whitman's ??
-Ralph Waldo Emerson's lectures such as "The American Scholar"
-The paintings and national tour of George Catlin
-The Methodist Christian Advocate |
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Term
| Who was the author of the Leatherstocking novels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Tennessean was the basis for almanacs offering a mix of humorous stories and tall tales? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where was balloon frame construction first used in the United States? |
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Definition
| It was first used in Chicago to build homes quickly |
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