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Definition
| how parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities |
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| Structure of body parts and their relationship to one another |
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| activities promoted by the muscular system |
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| all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells |
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| Level of hierarchy of organization |
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Definition
| Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, systems |
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| smallest units of living things |
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| basic components of cells |
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| groups of similar cells that have a common function |
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| at least two tissues or more working together to perform a specific function for the body |
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| organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose |
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| breaking down of ingested food to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood |
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| removing wastes from the body |
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| original cell divides producing two identical daughter cells that may then be used for body growth |
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| pH is 0-6.99, release H+ and are therefore proton donors, have higher H+ concentration and are therefore lower pH |
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| ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever changing outside world |
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| increase in size of a body part |
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| Nutrients, Water, Oxygen, Normal Body Temp, Atmospheric pressure |
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| chemical substances our body breaks down and converts to energy; needed for energy and cell building |
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| 20% of the air we breathe, necessary for metabolic reactions |
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| 60-80% of the body; lost in excretion; provides the necessary environment for chemical reactions |
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| temperature at which all metabolic reactions occur naturally; if it falls below 98.6 F they become slower and slower |
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| force our atmosphere exerts on our body; required for proper breathing and gas exchanges for the lungs |
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| 3 components of control mechanisms |
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Definition
| Receptor, control center, and effector |
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Term
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Definition
| output shuts off the original stimulus; returns it to its "ideal" value |
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| the output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus; proceeds in the same direction as the initial change; uterine contractions |
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| divided into the mediastinum and the pericardial cavities |
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| Disturbance of homeostasis or the body's normal equilibrium |
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| lines internal body walls |
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| covers the internal organs |
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| separates the visceral serosa from the parietal serosa |
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| toward the head end or upper part of a structure; above |
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| away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure; below |
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| away from the midline of the body: on the outer side of |
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| Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of |
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| toward or at the front of the body; in front of |
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| toward or at the back of the body; behind |
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| close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
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| farther from the origin of a body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
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Term
| pericardial, pleural, peritoneal |
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Definition
| heart, lungs, organs of the abdominopelvic cavity |
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Definition
| external body covering; protects deeper tissue from injury |
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| Protects and supports body organs; provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement |
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| Allows manipulation of the environment , locomotion, and facial experessions; maintains posture and produces heat |
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| responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands; fast acting control system |
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| Secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells |
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| Heart pumps blood and Blood vessels transport blood, which carries O, C02, nutrients, wastes, etc |
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| Involved in immunity to foreign substances; picks up fluid leaked by blood vessels and returns it to the blood |
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| Keeps blood constantly supplied with O and removes CO2 |
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| Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells |
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| Elimates nitrogenous wastes from the body; regulates water, electrolyte and acid base balance of the blood |
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| Sagittal Plane including the Median Plane |
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Definition
| Cuts the body into right and left parts; Median is exactly in the midline |
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| divide the body into Anterior and posterior (Front and Back) |
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| horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts |
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Definition
Receptor- Monitors the environment
Control Center- determines the set point to be maintained
Effector- provides the mean for the control center to maintain that set point |
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| anything that has mass and takes up space |
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| mattter that can't be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods |
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| identical building blocks of elements |
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| energy of position; stored (inactive) energy |
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| Bulk elements of the body |
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Definition
| Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen |
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| Lesser bulk elements of the body |
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Definition
| Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Iodine, Iron |
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Definition
| required in minute amounts, and are found as part of enzymes |
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Definition
| have no charge and are inside of the nucleus |
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Definition
| have a positive charge and are found inside of the nucleus |
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| have a negative charge and are found orbiting the nucleus |
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| center of an atom that contains protons and electrons |
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| The number of protons; this also is the same number of electrons, and therefore tells us the chemical behavior of the atom |
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| average of the mass numbers of all isotopes |
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| atoms that undergo spontaneous decay called radioactivity |
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| Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
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| Compound (which is always a molecule) |
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Definition
| Two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together; |
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Definition
| release OH- and are proton acceptors, have a pH of 7.01-14, have lower H+ concentration and thefore a high pH |
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| resist abrupt and large swing in the pH of body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by the sharing of two or more electrons which produces molecules |
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Definition
| formed between atoms by the transfer of one or more electrons which form crystals (NaCl- Sodium Chloride) |
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| too weak to bind atoms together; gives molecules a three dimensional shape |
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| Single, Double, and Triple Covalent Bond |
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Definition
| Based on the number of electrons shared in a covalent bond 1,2, or 3 |
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Term
| Octet Rule or Rule of Eights |
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Definition
| Atoms interact so that they have 8 electrons in their outer shell (Valence Shell) |
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Term
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Definition
result of reactants combining together in a chemical equation
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| a substance taking part in a chemical reaction |
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Definition
Reaction where A + B=AB
bond formation |
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Definition
Reaction where AB is broken down into A + B
Molecules broken down into smaller molecules |
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Definition
Reaction where AB + CD forms AC + BD
Bonds are made and broken down at the same time |
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Definition
| increase the rate of a reaction without being chemically changed |
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Term
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Definition
| dissociate into their component ions NaCl= Na and Cl |
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Definition
| chemical substances that ionize and dissociate in water and are capable of conducting an electrical current |
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Term
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Definition
| Is neither acidic or a base, has a pH of 7 (Water) |
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Term
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Definition
Building blocks- Monosaccharides
Larger the molecule the less soluble it is in water |
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Term
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Definition
| building blocks of Carbohydrates; means simple sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| A double sugar that is formed when two monosaccharides are joined by dehydration sytnthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Many Sugars; 3 or more monosaccharides; fairly insoluble; great for storage |
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Term
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Definition
Building Blocks- Amino Acids
Consists of enzymes, hemoglobin and play vital roles in cell function |
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Definition
Building Blocks- Nucleotides
2 major classes: DNA and RNA
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Term
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Definition
| A single covalent bond between carbon atoms is this type of fat |
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Term
| Unsaturated Fat (Healthier) |
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Definition
| Contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms are said to be this type of fat |
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Term
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Definition
Building block of protein
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