Term
| For psychologists, CRITICAL THINKING means to. . . |
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Definition
| apply scientific methods carefully, examine our assumptions and biases, and tolerate ambiguity when the evidence is inconclusive |
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| The principle of PARSIMONY holds that. . . |
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Definition
| when dealing with competing theories, the simplest one should be chosen |
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| the pursuit of knowledge through careful observation rather than speculation |
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| CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY is the field of. . . |
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Definition
| psychology that concentrates on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders |
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Term
| Developed by Freud, PSYCHOANALYSIS was an approach that. . . |
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Definition
| attempted to explain the relationship between behaviour and the unconscious |
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| Wundt's primary research method was training volunteers to use. . . |
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Definition
| introspection to describe their experiences |
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Term
| Although Ivan Pavlov is usually credited with its discovery, professor Edwin Twitmyer was one of the first people. . . |
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Definition
| to study classical conditioning |
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| Cognitive neuroscientists combine cognitive psychology and biopsychology to. . . |
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Definition
| investigate the structure and functions of the brain |
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| Industrial psychologists apply psychological concepts specifically to. . . |
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Definition
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| a testable prediction about processes that can be observed and measured |
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| Part of being scientifically literate is being able to. . . |
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Definition
| apply scientific knowledge to real-world situations |
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| Critical thinking involves. . . |
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Definition
| exercising curiosity and skepticism when evaluating the claims of others, as well as our own assumptions and beliefs |
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Term
| Empiricism means that knowledge about the world is based on. . . |
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Definition
| careful observation, not common sense or speculation |
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Term
| Phrenologists suggested that specific mental traits and dispositions could be identified by examining the. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| Sigmund Freud's work using hypnosis to cure patients made him realize that. . . |
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Definition
| many of his patients' symptoms had mental, not physical, causes and this led to the development of psychoanalysis |
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Term
| Psychoanalysis emphasizes. . . |
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Definition
| the influence of unconscious urges and memories on behaviour |
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Term
| The goal of Edward Titchener in adopting Wilhelm Wundt's method of introspection was to. . . |
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Definition
| break down consciousness into its most basic elements |
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Term
| The cognitive perspective is an approach that emphasizes mental processes in. . . |
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Definition
| thinking, memory, language, and other areas of behaviour |
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Term
| Psychologists use research techniques based on. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| Dr. Siela claims that all humans have invisible souls that guide their behaviour. Which principle of a good scientific theory is most important to consider when evaluating this claim? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which claim is falsifiable? |
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Definition
| men are more physically aggressive than women |
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Term
| Structuralism emphasizes. . . |
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Definition
| the basic units of experience and their combinations |
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Term
| Proponents of speed-reading courses hold stubbornly to their beliefs, despite contradictory evidence. Which aspect of pseudoscience is being characterized? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dr. Martian claims that aliens are real and have been performing mind experiments on humans for years. Which principle of critical thinking is most important to consider when evaluating this claim? |
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Definition
| examining the nature of the source of the evidence |
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Term
| Freud was the founder of. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| Freud's theories differed radically from the views of his predecessors because of. . . |
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Definition
| the emphasis he placed on unconscious processes |
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Term
| Which aspect of the mind held the greatest fascination for Freud? |
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Definition
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Term
| A therapist is interested in interpreting dreams and in having clients relate their thoughts without modifying them. This therapist is most likely to be a. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by. . . |
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Definition
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| Freud believed that many psychological problems were the result of. . . |
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Definition
| feelings and emotions repressed during childhood |
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Term
| Of the following, which type of therapist would be more interested in a client's past rather than their current situation? |
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Definition
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Term
| The belief that anxiety results from feelings and emotions repressed during childhood was proposed by. . . |
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| Steve, a university student, is seeing a psychologist because of his intense fear of people. His counsellor feels that Steve's fear is a product of unresolved conflicts about his parents and his childhood experiences with them. Steve's therapist is most characteristic of which school of psychology? |
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Definition
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Term
| The first psychology laboratory was founded by. . . |
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| It is generally agreed that psychology was born in. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| Titchener was a member of the ___________ school of thought. |
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Term
| As a science, psychology is approximately how old? |
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Definition
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Term
| Modern psychology is said to have begun when. . . |
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Definition
| Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology |
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Term
| What word describes the method of investigation used by Wundt? |
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Definition
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Term
| Studying the elements of sensations, feelings, and images is most directly associated with which school of psychology? |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary method of investigation used by structuralists was. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| Psychology is said to have begun when. . . |
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Definition
| Wilhelm Wundt started the first psychological laboratory |
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Term
| Psychologists stopped relying on the method of introspection as their primary research tool because. . . |
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Definition
| results were inconsistent across labs |
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Term
| The __________ psychological school asks, "What are mental processes for?" rather than "What are mental processes?". |
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Definition
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Term
| In the late 20th century, psychology. . . |
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Term
| A psychologist bases their theories completely on measuring observable behaviours. This psychologist is probably a. . . |
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Term
| ___________________ emphasizes that humans are positively motivated and progress toward higher levels of functioning. |
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| Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow were. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ believed humans have a natural motivation to reach their highest potential. |
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Term
| Genuineness, empathy, unconditional positive regard, and self-growth are all associated with ________ therapy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following approaches is based on the premise that people naturally strive to reach their potential and lead a fulfilling life? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Gestalt psychology, the focus is on. . . |
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Definition
| becoming more aware of the self |
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Term
| Cognitive psychologists are a subgroup of experimental psychologists who are concerned primarily with. . . |
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Definition
| mental events that intervene between stimuli and responses |
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Term
| Cognitive psychologists are concerned with the scientific study of. . . |
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Definition
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