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Definition
| cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas that secrete insulin |
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Definition
| a measurement of body overweight or obesity determined by dividing weight (kg) by height (m) squared. highly correlated with body comp |
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Definition
| codition that involves loss of elasticity, thickening, and hardening of the arteries |
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Definition
| form of arteriosclerosis that involves changes in the lining of the arteries and plaque accumulation, leading to progressive narrowing of the arteries |
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Definition
| bloodborne fats, such as triglycerides and cholesterol |
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Definition
| a heart defect present at birth that occurs from abnormal prenatal development of the heart or associated blood vessels. aka congenital heart defect |
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Definition
| disease characterized by pathological changes in coronary arteries that supply blood flow |
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Definition
| disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and glycosuria (presence of sugar in the urine). develops when there is inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas or inadequate utilization of insulin by the cells |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of thin cells that line the lumen of the blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| early lipid deposits within blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| clinical condition in which the myocardium becomes too weak to maintain adequate cardiac output to meet the body's oxygen demands; heart failure usually results from the heart's being damaged or overworked |
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Term
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Definition
| involves bleeding within the brain, which damages nearby brain tissue |
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Term
| high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) |
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Definition
| aka scavenger. theorized to remove cholesterol from the arterial wall and transport it to the liver to be metabolized |
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Term
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Definition
| high levels of insulin in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally high blood pressure. adults: systolic= 140 mmHg or higher, diastolic= 90 mmHg or higher |
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Term
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Definition
| a plasma glucose level between 110 and 125 mg/dL following an 8 h fast |
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Term
| impaired glucose tolerance |
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Definition
| abnormal glucose response to an oral glucose load (glucose tolerance test), sometimes seen as a precursor to diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
| a deficient target cell response to insulin |
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Term
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Definition
| an index of the effectiveness of a given insulin concentration on the disposal of glucose |
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Term
| insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| one of two major categories of diabetes mellitus that is caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce sufficient insulin as a result of failure of the B-cells in the pancreas. type 1 diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
| a temporary deficiency of blood to a specific area of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| brain tissue damage resulting from the lack of oxygen to an area of the brain. may be caused by narrowing or blockage of blood vessels in the area |
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Term
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Definition
| the proteins that carry blood lipids |
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Term
| low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) |
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Definition
| a cholesterol carrier theorized to be responsible for depositing cholesterol in the arterial wall |
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Term
| low-intensity aerobic exercise |
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Definition
| aerobic exercise performed at low intensity, theoretically to cause the body to burn a higher percentage of fat |
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Term
| lower body (gynoid) obesity |
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Definition
| obesity that follows the typically female pattern of fat storage,in which fat is stored primarily in the lower body, particularly in the hips, buttocks, and thighs. aka pear-shaped obesity |
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Term
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Definition
| link coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and upper body obesity to insulin resistance and hypeinsulinemia. aka syndrome X and civilization syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| death of heart tissue that results from insufficient blood supply to part of the myocardium |
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Term
| non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| one of two major categories of diabetes mellitus that is caused by the ineffectiveness of insulin to facilitate the transport of glucose into the cells and is a result of insulin resistance. aka type 2 diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
| an excessive amount of body fat, generally more than 25% in men and 35% in women; bmi of 30 or greater |
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Term
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Definition
| body weight that exceeds the normal or standard weight for a particular individual based on height, sex, and frame size; bmi=25 to 29.9 |
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Term
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Definition
| the physiology of a specific disease |
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Term
| peripheral vascular disease |
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Definition
| diseases of the systemic arteries and veins, esp those to the extremities, that impede adequate blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| a buildup of lipids, smooth muscle cells, connective tissue, and debris that forms at the site of injury to an artery |
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Term
| platelet-derived growth factor |
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Definition
| a substance released by blood platlets that promotes the migration of smooth muscle cells from the media of an artery into the intima |
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Term
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Definition
| impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or both, but not truly diabetic |
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Term
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Definition
| risk factors that have been conclusively shown to have a strong association with a certain disease. ex: coronary artery disease primary risk factors are smoking, hypertension, high blood lipid levels, obesity, and physical inactivity |
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Term
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Definition
| form of valvular heart disease involving streptococcal infection that has caused acute rheumatic fever, typically in children between 5 and 15 |
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Term
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Definition
| a predisposing factor statistically linked to the development of a disease, such as coronary artery disease |
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Term
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Definition
| the practice of exercising a specific area of the body, theoretically to reduce locally stored fat |
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Term
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Definition
| a cerebral vascular accident, a condition in which blood supply to some part of the brain is impaired, typically caused by infarction or hemorrhage, so that the tissue is damaged |
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Term
| thermic effect of a meal (TEM) |
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Definition
| the energy expended in excess of resting metabolic rate associated with digestion, absorption, transport, metabolism, and storage of ingested food |
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Term
| thermic effect of activity(TEA) |
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Definition
| the energy expended in excess of resting metabolic rate to accomplish a given task or activity |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden onset during childhood or young adulthood and leads to almost total insulin deficiency, usually as insulin-dependent mellitus or juvenile-onset diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
| onset is more gradual and the causes are more difficult to establish than in type 1 diabetes. characterized by impaired insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or exclusive glucose output from the liver. aka non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
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Term
| upper body (android) obesity |
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Definition
| obesity that follows the typically male pattern of fat storage, in which fat is stored primarily in the upper body, particularly in the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease involving one or more of the heart valves. ex: rheumatic heart disease |
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Term
| very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) |
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Definition
| the cholesterol carried by VLDL |
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