Term
| The Steepest portion of streams longitudinal profile is located |
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Definition
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Term
| Stream competence is measured by |
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Definition
| the largest particle size that the stream can transport in its bed load |
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Term
| The discharge of a stream increases as |
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Definition
| velocity, width, and depth increase |
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Term
| Active erosion in a meander takes place |
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Definition
| along the outer bank of a bend |
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Term
| Flow around a meander results in erosion on one bank, but deposition on the other bank marked by the formation of |
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Definition
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Term
| After a tributary has joined a major stream, the unified stream immediately below the confluence must have |
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Definition
| higher velocity than the major stream |
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Term
| The ratio of dissolved chemical load to sediment load in a stream may increase by |
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Definition
| increase in vegetation in the drainage basin |
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Term
| Which one of the following is the most abundant chemical group in major rivers of the world |
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Definition
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Term
| The two most abundant dissolved chemical components of river waters come essentially from dissolution of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| deposition of coarse sediment as velocity decreases abruptly for water that spills over the bank |
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Term
| an incised meander is an indication of |
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Definition
| a lowering of a base level of erosion |
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Term
| which of the following is an example of local or regional base level of erosion |
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Definition
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Term
| the construction of a dam across a river would cause |
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Definition
| the river to produce more bank erosions downstream from the dam |
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Term
| River terraces can be the result of |
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Definition
| periodic drops in the base level of erosion |
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Term
| a "misfit" river (i.e. one with a meander belt that is very much narrower than the width of the flood plain) could be an indication that |
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Definition
| the river has been a victim of stream piracy / a climatic shift to a relatively drier condition has occurred in the region |
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Term
| A braided channel develops due to |
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Definition
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Term
| the floodplain development for urban growth leads |
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Definition
| frequent flooding from a decrease in thelag time between rainfall and cresting of the river |
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Term
| a dendritic drainage pattern implies that |
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Definition
| the area is underlain by undeformed rocks that have nearly uniform resistance to erosion |
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Term
| a trellis drainage pattern implies that |
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Definition
| the area is underlain by a sequence of hard and soft rocks that are highly folded |
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Term
| A brittle substance characteristically has |
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Definition
| a narrow span between the elastic limit and the plastic limit |
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Term
| the following would hinder the formation of fractures in rocks |
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Definition
| high confining stress or uniform stress |
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Term
| the essential conditions controlling the relative importance of brittle properties versus ductile poperties of rocks are |
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Definition
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Term
| Rapid application of stress on rocks over a short period of time would most likely result in which type of behavior |
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Definition
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Term
| slow application of stress on rocks over a long period of time would most likely result in which type of behavior |
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Definition
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Term
| many shallow earthquakes with low magnitudes occur at lower crust or near transition between crust and mantle. The properties of rocks at the places are most likely to be |
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Definition
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Term
| The formation or reverse faults is due to |
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Definition
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Term
| Rocks that are ductile tend to be associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| The san andreas fault is an example of |
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Definition
| right-lateral strike slip fault |
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Term
| In an anticline the limbs dip |
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Definition
| away from the axial trace and the oldest rocks are at the center |
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Term
| In a syncline that limbs dip |
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Definition
| toward the axial trace and the youngest rocks are at the center |
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Term
| Rock layers exposed to surface in a zig-zag manner would imply the presence of |
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Definition
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Term
| the east african rift and other major rifts are a result of |
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Definition
| an extension of the crust |
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Term
| The topography of the basin and range providence that encompasses Nevada and portions of the surrounding states has been generated by a system of north to south trending |
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Definition
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Term
| The black hills of western south dakota is a |
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Definition
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Term
| In rocks, joints with orientations nearly perpendicular to the surface can be produced by |
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Definition
| tensional stresses when rocks in the crust are folded |
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Term
| lock ness, the home of a mythical monster, in Scotland is situated on a |
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Definition
| left-lateral strike-slip fault |
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Term
| In an area, the same rocks appearing in the form of parallel ridges would imply |
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Definition
| a series of folds with their axes nearly horizontal |
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Term
| The water table separates |
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Definition
| the zone of aeration from the underlying zone of saturation |
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Term
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Definition
| in general moves very rapidly through pore spaces of materials in the subsurface |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs whenever there is a localized aquiclude within an aquifer |
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Term
| Karst topography is characterized by |
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Definition
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Term
| Artesian ground-water systems are characterised by |
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Definition
| rise of water above the level of a confined aquifer if a well drilled into the aquifer. |
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Term
| The water table near a large pumping well |
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Definition
| assumes a cone of depression |
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Term
| one of the following is always a poor aquifer |
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Definition
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Term
| the rate of flow of much of shallow ground water is generally on the order of |
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Definition
| centimeters or may be one or two meters per day |
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Term
| Hard water contains relatively large amounts of |
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Definition
| calcium and magnesium ions |
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Term
| Darcy's law basically states that |
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Definition
| the volume of ground water flowing in a specified amount of time is proportional to the vertical drop in the height of the water table between two points divided by the horizontal distance between the two points. |
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Term
| Caves form in a terrain or region where the rocks are essentially |
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Definition
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Term
| Stalactites and Stalagmites form as drops of water from the ceiling of a cave |
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Definition
| lose dissolved carbon dioxide by entering into the cave with the atmospheric air |
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Term
| Stalagmites and stalagtites are made up of |
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Definition
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Term
| If an excessive pumping of ground water in a coastal area lowers the water table at a locality by 0.5 meter, the contact between the fresh ground water in the locality will |
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Definition
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Term
| The leaning of the Pisa Tower in Italy was caused by |
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Definition
| consolidation of ground material by rapid ground water depletion |
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Term
| Which rock type among the following would make the best aquifer |
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Definition
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Term
| The permeability of a rock system depends on several things except |
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Definition
| thickness of the rock system |
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Term
| Development of geysers requires that |
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Definition
| the ground water partly be heated at a temperatiure above boiling and partly with a cap of a layer of cold water within a reservoir that offers limited convective mixing of the water |
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Term
| Mass movements occur when |
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Definition
| shearing stress exceeds frictional resistance or shear strength |
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Term
| All else being equal, as slope steepness increases, the shearing stress of a material |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one of the following conditions would least likely cause mass movements on a steep slope |
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Definition
| reduction in pore pressure |
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Term
| Of all the different terms that have commonly used for mass wasting processes, which one of the following conveys the least amount of information about the mass wasting process |
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Definition
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Term
| the vaiont reservoir disaster was caused by |
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Definition
| a landslide triggered by excessive rainfall creating an imbalance between shear stress and shear strength of a body of materials |
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Term
| Soil creep is often triggered by |
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Definition
| alternating wetting and drying of the materials |
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Term
| The rate of motion of a slide is commonly related to |
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Definition
| the weight of the material |
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Term
| scarp formation is associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| The risk of a landslide on an unstable, steep slope can be reduced by all of the following except |
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Definition
| by installing numerous holes on the slope material. |
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Term
| Signs of creep include all of these except |
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Definition
| accumulation of talus at the base of slope |
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Term
| the possibility if mass wasting should be investigated on a site |
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Definition
| with all of the indications mentioned |
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Term
| the following land feature is produced from flow of water-saturated debris over impermeable layer |
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Definition
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Term
| how does construction destabilize a slope |
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Definition
| adds weight to the top of the slop |
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Term
| submarine slope failures or landslides on continental slopes and delta fronts could be initiated by any of these except |
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Definition
| low internal water pressure from slow deposition of sediment |
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Term
| the most giant landslides occur in the following region |
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Definition
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